技术进步的经济增长模型探析

发布时间：2018-01-21 21:50

本文关键词： 内生经济增长均衡增长技术水平技术进步物质资本技术弹性人力资本技术弹性全要素生产率　出处：《中共中央党校》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：一个国家的经济增长很大程度上是以该国的总产出来衡量的。总产出取决于总投入。投入有三个来源:劳动投入、资本投入和技术进步贡献。前两者都是有形投入,对于产出的影响可以通过统计数据获得。技术进步就是在劳动和资本投入量不变的情况下,引起产出增长的因素。本文将对资本、劳动、技术水平和经济增长之间的相互关系进行一个较为全面的分析,尝试建立一个基于技术水平的复合生产函数的增长模型,通过技术进步对资本和劳动等生产要素的使用效率的提高以及知识的外溢作用对经济增长的贡献的研究表明,技术进步对经济增长的作用是通过影响资本和劳动等生产要素的使用效率实现的。一国最优的技术结构是由其禀赋结构(物质资本技术弹性、人力资本技术弹性以及其它生产要素的技术弹性)所决定的。大力开发和投资人力资本,平衡和提升产业结构,特别是按照本国的禀赋结构来选择相应的技术结构,会使该国的产业具有市场竞争力,经济剩余最大,资本积累最多,要素禀赋提升最快,技术水平也就相应得以迅速提升。因此,如何更好地利用本国的技术水平促进资本、劳动等生产要素的使用效率和溢出效应是经济持续增长的关键,任何人为的扭曲性干预均会造成效率和福利的损失。笔者的模型表明,政府的发展政策应当以促进技术水平的提高、技术结构的合理化为手段,达到对人力资本的增加以及物质资本等其它生产要素使用效率的提高,从而实现经济的持续、平衡、快速的增长。尽管中国经济在过去 20 多年维持了世界上最高的平均增长率,但是在 20世纪 90 年代以来,中国经济的增长轨迹出现持续的递减趋势只是在近两年有上升迹象,其主要原因在于,人力资本技术弹性的不断下降,而物质资本技术弹性指标不断上升,导致两者之差不断下降,使得中国经济的增长乏力。解决经济增长递减趋势的关键,就是提升人力资本技术弹性,保持物质资本技术弹性的合理范围,两者之差处于增长态势,从而使得经济增长率保持较高的均衡值。论文的结构大致上包括:第一章概述经济增长理论的基本框架并对内生经济增长理论在近年来的若干进展进行综述;第二章在索罗-斯旺模型基础上,利用技术进步的复合函数考察技术进步在经济增长中的作用;第三章在上述模型的基础上对中国 20 多年的发展进行实证分析。
[Abstract]:A country's economic growth is largely measured by the country's total output. Total output depends on total inputs. Inputs come from three sources: Labour inputs. Capital input and technological progress contribution. The first two are tangible inputs, the impact on output can be obtained through statistical data. Technological progress is in the case of labor and capital input constant. This paper analyzes the relationship between capital, labor, technological level and economic growth. This paper attempts to establish a growth model of composite production function based on technology level. The research on the contribution of knowledge spillover to economic growth is demonstrated by the improvement of the efficiency of the use of capital and labor and the contribution of knowledge spillover to economic growth through technological progress. The effect of technological progress on economic growth is realized by influencing the efficiency of production factors such as capital and labor. The optimal technological structure of a country is determined by its endowment structure (material capital technical elasticity human capital technical elasticity and other factors of production). Balancing and upgrading the industrial structure, especially according to the national endowment structure to select the corresponding technical structure, will make the country's industries have market competitiveness, the largest economic surplus, the most capital accumulation. Factor endowment is the fastest to upgrade, and the technological level can be rapidly raised. Therefore, how to better use the technology level of the country to promote capital. The use efficiency and spillover effect of labor and other factors of production are the key to sustained economic growth. Any artificial distorting intervention will cause loss of efficiency and welfare. The government's development policy should promote the improvement of technological level and the rationalization of technological structure, so as to increase the human capital and the efficiency of other factors of production such as material capital. In order to achieve sustained, balanced and rapid economic growth. Although China's economy has maintained the world's highest average growth rate for more than two decades, it has grown since 1990s. The trend of continuous decline in the growth track of China's economy is only showing signs of rising in the last two years. The main reason is that the technological elasticity of human capital is declining, while the index of technological elasticity of material capital is rising. The key to solve the declining trend of economic growth is to improve the technological elasticity of human capital and maintain the reasonable range of material capital technical elasticity. The difference between the two in the growth trend, so that the economic growth rate to maintain a high equilibrium value. The structure of the thesis includes: the first chapter summarizes the basic framework of economic growth theory and summarizes the progress of endogenous economic growth theory in recent years; In the second chapter, on the basis of Soro-Swan model, the function of technological progress in economic growth is studied by using the compound function of technological progress. The third chapter analyzes the development of China over 20 years on the basis of the above model.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：F061.2

【共引文献】