国际竞争力评价的理论和方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 05:53

本文关键词： 国际竞争力企业产业国家　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2001年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 经济全球化的发展,一些国家的经济受到了沉重打击，而另外一些国家的经济则迅速崛起。中国改革开放事业的发展，也使中国企业在国内市场上和跨国公司开展“国际”竞争。在这一大背景下，许多国家的学者、政府和企业均展开了国际竞争力问题的研究。本论文剖析了各个学术流派对竞争力的不同定义，认为竞争力应当定义为竞争主体在争夺竞争对象过程中所表现出来的力量。以这一定义为基础，本论文从竞争主体、竞争对象和竞争结果三个角度分别讨论了国际竞争力的各种定义，说明了不同学者在国际竞争力定义、评价理论和方法方面存在差异的主要原因，揭示了国际竞争力概念的本质特征，为建立统一的、包容不同学者观点的国际竞争力评价理论和方法体系奠定了基础。本论文认为，竞争力的本质特征是竞争主体之间所存在的差距，这种差距可能是资源上的、也可能是能力上的，还有可能是外部环境上的。从寻找竞争主体之间所存在的差距及其原因入手，本论文在回顾比较优势理论、新贸易理论、波特的竞争优势理论解释的基础上，提出了决定企业竞争力的9因素模型。这一模型能够使本论文不受已形成理论的束缚，可以在更广阔地范围内探讨竞争力的来源问题。竞争主体之间存在的差距，最终要通过竞争结果反映出来。从对竞争结果的评价出发，本论文提出了评价企业、产业和国家三个层次国际竞争力的定量指标体系。这些定量指标，，可以分为两大类：一类以市场份额数据为基础的反映竞争潜力的指标，一类是以盈利能力为基础的反映竞争实际水平或结果的指标。在对这两类指标与国际竞争力关系的论证基础上，本论文分别提出了揭示两大类指标之间逻辑关系以及解释这两大类指标内部关系的理论公式，并以这些理论公式为基础进行两类指标中具体指标的计算方法、评价方法和适用范围的深入讨论，进而将不同学者从不同角度出发对国际竞争力的评价指标和方法统一到一个理论框架之内。在对以进出口数据为基础的国际竞争力评价指标如市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数、显示性竞争优势指数、相对竞争力指数等的深入研究和讨论之后发现，这些指标均有缺点和优点，在进行国际竞争力评价时要慎重使用。在对价格、成本、生产率指标评价国际竞争力的具体方法进行了深入研究之后发现，以汇率来计算的这些指标使用起来比较方便，但没有用购买力平价指标来评价准确。本论文还就部分指标的评价效果进行了实质分析，发现用用贸易竞争力指数进行国际竞争力判断不如显示性比较优势指数准确，而用显示性比较优势指数进行判断又不比显示性竞争优势指数准确。在生产率指标计算方面，分子和父母均使用价值量来计算要比分子父母均使用实物量或分子父母计量单位不一致准确。但不同的计算方法，会得出完全相反的结论。总体来看，使用贸易数据来评价国际竞争力的准确性不如使用盈利能力指标。在分析竞争主体之间产生差距的原因方面，或者说在寻求对竞争力来源的解释方面，本论文从竟争力决定因素入手，分别讨论了企业、产业和国家三个层次国际竞争力的决定因素，井建立了确定竟争力关键决定因素的理论分析模型。在企业层次，本论文认为可以从产品类型、产业土命周期和市场竞争结构三维出发，来分析和判断竞争力的关键决定因素。论文从这三维出发，提出了确定企业国际竞争力关键块定因素的三个子模型，将这二个子模型的分析结合起来，可使企业竞争力的决定因素（竟争力来源）更加突出的显示出来。在产业层次，本论文提出有竞争力产业假说，认为在经济发展的不同阶段有竞争力的产业是不同的；并进一步从静态和动态两个角度分别建立了确定产业竞争力关键决定因素的分析模型。在国家层次，本论文在讨论世界经济论坛、瑞土管理发展研究院国家竞争力评价理论和方法的基础上，提山了分析国家国际竟争力的四因素模型。以上模型的建立，有助于我们从国际竞争力的决定冈素的度，来解释竞争力，评价竞争力，井可进一步寻找提高竞争力的政策建议或改进措施。本论文并没有就所建立的竞争力决定因素分析模型在政策层面展开讨论。这是因为，一方面有关这方面的讨论内容繁多，观点分散，争论激烈，例如日本的产业政策对日本产业国际竞争力的提高发挥了关键作用还是次要作用有各种不同的看法；另一方面对某个企业、某个产业或某个国家米说具有诀定性作用的因素在其他国家、其他产业或企业可能并不起关键作用。笔者认为，各种竞争力分析的理论模型，只为人们寻找诀定竞争力的关键囚素提供思路或分析框架，但决定竞争主体竞争力的真正原因，还必须通过深入细致地调查才能确定，这是由竟争力这一问题本身的复杂性所决定的。也只有通过深入调查所确定的竞争力决定因素，才是有根有据的，以这种调查结论为基础提出的政策建议或改进措施也是能够命中要害的。因此，本论文将注意力转移到寻找通过实地调查来确定国际竞争力决定困素的方怯方面，笔者发现；用标杆测定法来确定企业
[Abstract]:The economy of some countries has been heavily hit by the development of economic globalization, while the economy of other countries is rapid.
The development of China's reform and opening to the outside world has also made Chinese enterprises carry out "international" competition on the domestic market and multinational corporations.
In this context, scholars, governments and enterprises in many countries have carried out research on international competitiveness.
This paper analyzes the different definitions of the competitiveness of each academic stream, and believes that competitiveness should be defined as the subject of competition.
The power expressed in the process of competing for the object of competition is based on this definition. This paper is from the subject of competition and the competition is the same.
The various definitions of international competitiveness are discussed in the three angles of the image and the result of competition, indicating the international competitiveness of different scholars.
The main reasons for the difference in the definition and evaluation theory and method are revealed, and the essential features of the concept of international competitiveness are revealed.
It lays the foundation for the establishment of a unified and comprehensive evaluation theory and method system for international competitiveness of different scholars.
This paper argues that the essential feature of competitiveness is the gap between the competitors, which may be resources
It may also be capability, and it may be outside the environment. The gap between the participants in the search for competition.
In this paper, we review the theory of comparative advantage, the new trade theory, and the basis of Potter's theory of competitive advantage.
On the basis of this, the 9 factor model of determining the competitiveness of the enterprise is put forward.
The source of competitiveness can be explored in a broader range.
The gap between the competitors is finally reflected by the result of competition. From the evaluation of the result of the competition
This paper puts forward a quantitative index system for evaluating the three levels of international competitiveness of enterprises, industries and countries.
Indicators can be divided into two categories: a class of indicators based on market share data to reflect the potential of competition.
An index based on the ability to reflect the actual level of competition or the result of competition. On the relationship between these indicators and the international competitiveness
On the basis of the evidence, this paper proposes to reveal the logical relationship between the indicators and explain the internal relations between them.
The theoretical formula of the system and the calculation method of the specific index of the two kinds of indexes based on these theoretical formulas and the evaluation method
The in-depth discussion of the scope of application and the evaluation index and method of the international competitiveness from different angles
Unify into a theoretical framework.
In the evaluation of international competitiveness based on import and export data, such as market share and trade competitiveness index,
After the in-depth study and discussion of the indicator comparative advantage index, the index of showing sexual competitive advantage and the relative competitiveness index
Now, these indicators have shortcomings and advantages, in the evaluation of international competitiveness should be carefully used. In the price, cost,
After an in-depth study of the specific methods of evaluating the international competitiveness of the productivity indicators, it is found that these points are calculated by the exchange rate.
It is more convenient to use, but not to use the purchasing power parity index to evaluate the accuracy. This paper also evaluates some of the indicators.
The effect is analyzed in essence, and it is found that using the trade competitiveness index to judge the international competitiveness is not as good as the comparative advantage.
The index is accurate, but it is no more accurate than the display competitive advantage index with the display comparative advantage index.
In terms of index calculation, both molecules and parents use value to calculate the use of physical quantity or molecular parents.
The quantity unit is not consistent and accurate. But the different calculation methods will draw the opposite conclusion. In general, the trade number is used.
To evaluate the accuracy of international competitiveness is not as good as the use of profitability indicators.
In the analysis of the reasons for the gap between the competitors, or in the search for the interpretation of the source of competitiveness,
This paper starts from the determinants of competitiveness, enterprises are discussed, three levels of industry and the international competitiveness of a country's decision
The factors, well established key competitiveness analysis model of factors theory. At the enterprise level, this paper believes that we can
From the product type, the industrial life cycle and the market competition structure, the key decision to analyze and judge the competitiveness is due to the three dimensions.
In this paper, three sub models to determine the determinants of key enterprises' international competitiveness are proposed in this paper, which will be two.
Analysis of sub models combined with decision factors can make the competitiveness of enterprises (competitive sources) showed more prominent
At the industrial level, this paper puts forward a competitive industry hypothesis that it is competitive at different stages of economic development.
Industry is different, and the key determinants of industrial competitiveness are set up from two angles of static and dynamic.
At the national level, this paper is discussing the world economic forum and the national competitiveness of the Institute for management and development of Rui Tu.
Based on the theory and method of evaluation, put forward four factors analysis of national international competitiveness model established above the model,
It can help us to explain competitiveness and evaluate competitiveness from the degree of international competitiveness, which can be further sought.
Policy recommendations or improvements to improve competitiveness.
This paper does not discuss the policy level of the analytical model for the determinants of competitiveness. This is because,
On the one hand, there are many discussions on this aspect, scattered views and intense debate, such as Japan's industrial policy for Japan.
There are different views on whether the improvement of the international competitiveness of the industry has played a key role or a secondary role; on the other hand, it is for a certain enterprise.
In other countries, other industries or enterprises, a business, an industry, or a country of Rice says factors that have a decisive role in other industries or enterprises
The author believes that the theoretical model of competitive analysis is the key to the search for the competitiveness of the people.
Imprisin provides ideas or analytical frameworks, but the real reason for the competitiveness of the competitors must be carefully adjusted.
Check can be determined, which is determined by the complexity of the problem itself the competitiveness. Only through in-depth investigation determined
The determinants of competitiveness, is well founded, the investigation conclusion puts forward policy suggestions and improvement measures
Therefore, this paper shifts attention to finding international competitiveness through field surveys.
The author finds out the aspects of Fang's timidity, and the author finds that the method of benchmarking is used to determine the enterprise

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F014

【引证文献】