从李嘉图困惑到穆勒相互需求说

发布时间：2018-03-16 01:14

本文选题：古典经济学　切入点：比较成本　出处：《天津财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在古典贸易理论体系中,大卫·李嘉图的比较成本理论占据着非常重要的地位。然而,由于李嘉图无法用劳动价值论确定国际商品交换比率,从而陷入了矛盾和困惑,这也使得古典国际贸易理论的有效性和对贸易活动的指导意义受到怀疑和批评。后来的学者为了分析和解决这一矛盾,曾经展开了激烈争论,并一度将希望寄托于马克思的国际价值理论。马克思的国际价值论是其劳动价值论在国际经济关系中的应用与发展,但依然没能从根本上解决国际商品交换比率如何确定的问题。解决李嘉图困惑的重任最终落在了约翰·穆勒的肩上。本文共分为六章。第1章是导论,简要介绍了论文的选题背景,论文框架和主要内容,以及论文的研究方法。第2章,介绍了在古典经济学诞生之前,重商主义和重农主义围绕国家财富及其来源的不同看法,以及以亚当·斯密为代表的古典经济学家关于财富及其来源的观点。第3章,系统阐述了斯密的分工理论及其绝对成本学说的基本观点,并深入探讨了国际分工与国际贸易之间的密切联系。第4章,在讨论绝对成本说与比较成本说的联系及各自特征的基础上,重点介绍了李嘉图困惑的成因,以及学术界围绕这一问题所提出的不同观点。指出马克思的国际价值理论并不正确,并且没能从根本上解决国际贸易中商品交换比例如何确定的问题。第5章是本文的重点,详细阐释了约翰·穆勒利用相互需求理论和国际需求方程式,从需求角度出发,通过对国际供求关系的描述,成功解答了李嘉图的困惑,从而使古典贸易理论体系最终走向完整.第6章,约翰·穆勒的相互需求理论建立了贸易平衡条件,并从一般均衡角度阐述了贸易平衡机制的形成。本文从经济学说史的角度出发,意在突出约翰·穆勒创立的相互需求说与国际需求方程式的重要地位。同时,以穆勒的理论为依据,探讨了贸易平衡条件的形成和贸易平衡机制的建立。
[Abstract]:David Ricardo's comparative cost theory plays a very important role in the classical system of trade theory. However, because Ricardo can't use the theory of labor value to determine the rate of international commodity exchange, he is in contradiction and confusion. As a result, the validity of classical international trade theory and its guiding significance to trade activities were questioned and criticized. Marx's theory of international value is the application and development of his theory of labor value in international economic relations. But it still doesn't solve the problem of how to determine the rate of international commodity exchange. The task of solving Ricardo's confusion falls on John Muller's shoulders. This paper is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction. This paper briefly introduces the background, the framework and the main contents of the thesis, as well as the research methods of the thesis. Chapter 2 introduces the different views of mercantilism and agriculturalism around the national wealth and its origin before the birth of classical economics. And the views of classical economists, represented by Adam Smith, on wealth and its source. Chapter 3, the basic ideas of Smith's theory of division of labor and its absolute cost. Chapter 4, on the basis of discussing the relationship between absolute cost theory and comparative cost theory and their respective characteristics, focuses on the causes of Ricardo's confusion. The author points out that Marx's theory of international value is not correct and fails to fundamentally solve the problem of how to determine the proportion of commodity exchange in international trade. Chapter 5 is the focus of this paper. And it was explained in detail that John Muller, using the theory of mutual demand and the equation of international demand, from the point of view of demand, through the description of the relationship between international supply and demand, successfully solved Ricardo's confusion. So that the classical trade theory system will eventually become complete. Chapter 6, John Muller's theory of mutual demand, establishes the terms of trade balance. And from the perspective of general equilibrium, this paper, from the point of view of the history of economic theory, is intended to highlight the importance of the theory of mutual demand and the equation of international demand, which John Muller created. Based on Muller's theory, the formation of trade equilibrium conditions and the establishment of trade balance mechanism are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F091.3;F740

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