建设项目可行性研究案例与理论探讨

发布时间：2018-04-21 18:24

本文选题：建设项目 + 可行性研究　；参考：《西南财经大学》2000年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国投融资体制改革的深入和投资风险约束机制的建立，建设项目可行性研究及评价工作越来越受到重视，在这种形势下，国家计委和建设部先后于1987和1993年两次颁布《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》，对建设项目经济评价工作做出了统一规定，这标志着我国建设项目可行性研究经济评价的理论和方法体系日益完善，保证了投资决策的科学化、规范化、程序化，在很大程度上避免了投资决策的失误。但是，《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》仅是对建设项目可行性研究的一个纲领性、总括性的要求，具有通用性的特点，不可能也没有必要对各种具体情况作出规定。在实际工作中，由于各行业、各项目的具体情况千差万别，因此要求我们在《方法与参数》的基本理论和分析方法指导下对具体问题作出具体分析与评价。本文正是根据实际案例的具体情况和特殊性，在《方法与参数》的基本理论体系和分析框架下，提出“投产期费用递延法”，这也是本文在理论和方法上的创新点所在。 1999年10月，四川西雅肉牛产业发展有限公司拟投资兴建胚胎移植中心一座，并以此项目申请国家中小企业科技创新基金。为此，该公司委托四川三山投资咨询公司对项目进行可行性论证并作可行性研究报告。受三山公司的委托，本人在信息系赵一锦教授的带领下，三次前往西雅公司所在地雅安进行实地考查并收集各方面资料，于月底完成了该项目的可行性研究报告的编制工作。这部分有关案例写作的背景内容在本文的前言部分进行了介绍。本文的第二部分以实际上报的可行性研究报告为素材，对建设项目可行性研究的几个重要的环节进行了阐述、分析与评论。考虑WP=3到经济类毕业论文的要求，，在引用案例时对其进行了较大幅度的删节和修改，主要是对技术评价部分进行了较大幅度的删节，充实了财务评价部分的内容。由于所谓“投产期费用递延法”的正确性和合理性尚有待探讨和验证，为避免给项目申报带来不利影响，在实际上报的可行性研究报告中并未使用，但案例中所采用的方法根据案例特殊性对通用方法进行了调整。在该报告编写之初，本人原拟完全按照《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》及《科技型中小企业技术创新基金项目可行性研究报告编制提纲》的要求进行经济评价部分的编写，但很快遇到了问题。问题是由本项目的特殊性带来的，本项目的特殊性在于项目产品的生产周期长于一个会计核算期，由此主要带来三个问题：一是在项目流动资金的估算上，由于本项目投产期内无产出，实际上资金无法流动，因此不能按照《方法与参数》所要求的分项详细估算法计算；二是损益表中对利润的计算上，由于项目实施后投产期内无产出，产品销售成本为零，因此这两年的亏损额仅为期间费用损失，不能按照《方法与参数》上所要求的模式进行计算；三是对投产期折旧的处理上，在通常情况下，折旧额作为一项非负现的费用，形成项目投产后各年的一项资金来源，但本项目由于投产期内无产出，仅有计入期间费用的折旧才应形成资金来源。由于存在这三个问题，就必须相应地对流动资金估算表、借款还本付息表、损益表、资金来源与运用表、资产负债表、现金流量表的内容进行调整以符合实际，这就必然造成报告使用人理解困难。若进一步进行深入分析，我们可以看到，将项目投产期发生的费用计入期间费用是欠妥的。根据配比原则，企业当期发生的费用应该与当期收入相配比，而由于本项目生产周期太长，项目实施后投产期内没有产出，故没有收入，因此投产期内发生的费用不应该WP=4在发生的当期予以确认。又根据划分收益性支出和资本性支出的原则，投产期内发生的费用应属于资本性支出，因此，将其计入递延资产在受益期内平均摊销较为妥当。循着这样的思路，为解决以上的问题，本人提出了“投产期费用递延法”。本项目投产期具有以下特点：一方面，在这一时期正常生产得以进行，具有一般项目投产期的某些特征；另一方面，在此期间，虽然已投产，但达产比例为零，因此仅有资金的投入而无产出，又具有建设期的某些特征。“投产期费用递延法”的核心内容是将该项目建设期和投产期内的所有支出均列为资本性支出，计入项目投资：将建设期内与固定资产购建相关的支出计入固定资产，将建设期内发生的开办费和投产期内的期间费用计入递延资产，将土地使用费和技术转让费等计入无形资产，将投产期内发生的生产成本计入存货价值。 “投产期费用递延法”名称为本人杜撰，其内容在《方法与参数》和各类相关教材与文献中未有诉及，为本文创新。有关投产期费用递延法的提出和理论阐述构成本文第三部分的第一章。第三部分的第二章具体运用“投产期递延法”进行本项目的财务评价，为避免重复，仅将其与案例中方法不同的部分进行了阐述，本章的写作目的在于举例说明该方法的运用。第三部分的第三章将案例中的方法和“投产期费用递延法”的计算结果及合理性进行了比较论述。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China ' s investment and financing system reform and the establishment of investment risk restriction mechanism , the feasibility study and evaluation of construction projects have been paid more and more attention . In this situation , the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Construction have promulgated the economic evaluation methods and parameters of the construction project twice in 1987 and 1993 . The theory and method system of the economic evaluation of the feasibility study of the construction project has been perfected , which has ensured the scientific , standardized and programmed investment decision - making and largely avoided the error of investment decision - making .

However , the methods and parameters of economic evaluation of construction projects are only a dimension of the feasibility study of construction projects , the requirements of the general nature , and the characteristics of generality . In practice , it is impossible to make specific analysis and evaluation of the specific problems under the guidance of the basic theory and analysis methods of the methods and parameters . In this paper , it is based on the actual situation and particularity of the practical cases , and puts forward the " deferred payment method " under the guidance of the basic theory and analysis framework of the empirical method and the parametric approach , which is also the innovation point in theory and method .

In October 1999 , Sichuan Siya Beef Cattle Industry Development Co . , Ltd . intends to invest in the construction of an embryo transfer center and apply to the National Small and Medium - sized Enterprise Science and Technology Innovation Fund in this project . To this end , the company commissioned Sichuan Sanshan Investment Consulting Co . , Ltd . to conduct a feasibility study on the project and make a feasibility study report .

In the second part of this paper , the paper expounds , analyzes and comments on several important links of the feasibility study of construction project . It takes into account the requirement of WP = 3 to economics graduation thesis , and makes a great deal of deletion and modification to the technical evaluation part . The correctness and rationality of the so - called " deferred expenses deferred method " are still to be discussed and verified . In order to avoid the adverse effect of the project application , the method adopted in the case is adjusted according to the particularity of the case .

In the beginning of the preparation of the report , I prepared the economic evaluation part according to the requirements of the economic evaluation method and the parameters of the project and the feasibility study report of the technical innovation fund project of scientific and technological type . The problem is brought about by the particularity of the project . The particularity of the project lies in that the production period of the project product is longer than one accounting period , which mainly brings three problems : firstly , the production period of the project product is longer than one accounting period , so that the fund cannot flow , so that the method can not be calculated according to the detailed estimation method required by the method and parameters ;
2 is the calculation of profit in the income statement , and the cost of product sales is zero due to no output during the production period after the implementation of the project ; therefore , the loss amount for the two years is only the period cost loss , and cannot be calculated according to the mode required by the method and the parameters ;
3 . In the normal circumstances , the depreciation amount shall be regarded as a non - negative current expenses for the treatment of the depreciation of the production period . However , since there are no output during the production period , the fund source shall be formed only for the depreciation included in the period expense . As a result of the three problems , it is necessary to adjust the contents of the current fund estimation table , the loan repayment principal and interest statement , the income statement , the source of funds and the application form , balance sheet and cash flow statement to meet the actual conditions , which will inevitably cause the report to be difficult to understand .

If further in - depth analysis is conducted , we can see that the expenses incurred during the production period of the project are not due . According to the proportion principle , the expenses incurred during the production period should be matched with the current income , and the expenses incurred during the production period should not be confirmed when the production cycle of the project is too long , so that the expenses incurred during the production period should not be recognized in the current period .

Based on such thinking , in order to solve the above problems , I put forward the " deferred expenses deferred method " . This project has the following characteristics : on the one hand , the normal production in this period can be carried out , which has certain characteristics of the production period of the general project ;
On the other hand , during this period , although the production proportion is zero , the production proportion is zero , so only the investment of the funds is not output , and there are certain characteristics of the construction period . The core content of the deferred expenses deferred method is that all the expenses incurred during the construction period and the production period of the project are included in the fixed assets . During the construction period , the expenses incurred during the construction period and the period during the production period are included in the deferred assets , the land use fees and the technology transfer fees are included in the intangible assets , and the production cost incurred during the production period is included in the inventory value .

The name of the " deferred charges deferred method " is written by himself . The contents of this paper are in accordance with the methods and parameters of production and various relevant textbooks and documents . It is the innovation of this paper . The introduction and the theory of the deferred method about the production period constitute the first chapter of the third part of this paper .

The second chapter of the third part describes the financial evaluation of the project in detail by using the " deferred deferred method " , which is to avoid repetition and only explain the different parts of the method in the case . The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the application of this method .

Chapter 3 of the third part compares the calculation result and the rationality of the method in the case and the deferred method of putting into production period .

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：F062.4

【引证文献】