德沃金资源分配思想的平等属性

发布时间：2018-05-19 16:28

本文选题：德沃金 + 分配正义　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：德沃金与罗尔斯、诺奇克被视为西方新自由主义阵营的三大代表,德沃金在批判罗尔斯差别原则及诺奇克自由至上的分配正义观的基础上,提出了自己的分配正义思想,即资源平等。德沃金的资源平等理论以“重要性原则”和“个人责任原则”为基础展开论述。其利用虚拟的荒岛理论来进行理论展开,一群人来到一个荒岛且短时间无法离开,人们对岛上的丰富资源进行平等分配,利用相同的购买力通过拍卖程序得到自己想要的资源,而且每个人都不羡慕别人得到的资源,并对自己的资源很满意,这样就实现了资源的平等分配。但是随着时间的推移无法确保人们一直满足自己拥有的资源,那么就需要另一个解决办法。德沃金提出“保险”这一概念以此来对分配正义进行调整,人们根据个人的选择来决定购买保险来弥补无情的运气带来的损失。同时德沃金把资源分成人格资源(人的生理能力和精神能力)以及非人格资源(可以转移的财富)。人格资源与非人格资源影响了分配的不平等导致了资源分配正义的停止。其认为人的天赋与抱负的不同导致了人和人的差别,但是只要资源分配与人们的抱负一致,资源分配就是正义的。最后德沃金又引入税收这一概念,希望以此来达到人们收入趋向平等的目的,这同时也是资源平等理论中一直追求的“平等的关切是政治社会至上的美德”。德沃金认为在分配领域平等就是正义,正义就是平等,做到了平等,就实现了正义。因此分配正义也是分配平等。德沃金的分配正义思想是很丰富的,其中最核心的就是资源平等,本文就是围绕资源平等这一核心内容进行论述并与马克思的分配思想进行比较。同马克思分配思想相比,德沃金的资源平等分配正义思想是从社会分配到个体分配的下移,他以个体要素规避分配不正义风险,本质是否认阶级压迫;是从生产力要素分配到个体要素分配的下移,他坚持在生产过程之外阐述分配正义,本质是抹杀阶级剥削;是从生产关系分配到自然关系分配的下移,他强调资源分配的自然关系性质,本质是回避阶级对抗;是从社会建构高度向虚拟设计角度的下移,他在虚拟设计的构思中阐释分配,本质是回避社会的发展与进步。
[Abstract]:Dworkin, Rawls and Notchick are regarded as three representatives of the Western neoliberal camp. Dworkin, on the basis of criticizing Rawls difference principle and Norchick's view of distribution justice, puts forward his own distributional justice thought. That is, equality of resources. Dworkin's theory of resource equality is based on the principle of importance and personal responsibility. It uses virtual desert island theory to develop the theory, a group of people come to a desert island and can not leave for a short time, people distribute the abundant resources of the island equally, use the same purchasing power to get the resources they want through the auction process. And everyone does not envy other people's resources, and is satisfied with their own resources, thus achieving equal allocation of resources. But as time goes by, people cannot be assured that they have the resources they have, and another solution is needed. Dworkin put forward the concept of "insurance" to adjust the distribution justice, and people decided to buy insurance according to their own choice to make up for the loss of ruthless luck. At the same time, Dworkin divided resources into personality resources (physical and mental abilities) and non-personal resources (transferable wealth). Personality resources and non-personality resources affect the inequality of distribution, which leads to the stop of resource allocation justice. The author thinks that the difference between man's talent and ambition leads to the difference between man and man, but as long as the allocation of resources is consistent with people's ambition, the allocation of resources is just. Finally, Dworkin introduced the concept of tax, hoping to achieve the goal of income equality, which is also the "equal concern is the virtue of political and social supremacy" which has been pursued in the theory of equality of resources. Dworkin believes that equality in the field of distribution is justice, justice is equality, to achieve equality, justice is achieved. Therefore, the distribution of justice is also the distribution of equality. Dworkin's idea of distribution justice is very rich, the core of which is the equality of resources. This paper focuses on the core content of the equality of resources and compares it with Marx's thought of distribution. Compared with Marx's thought of distribution, Dworkin's thought of equal distribution of resources is a downward shift from social distribution to individual distribution. He evades the risk of distribution injustice by individual elements, which in essence denies class oppression. It is the downward shift from the distribution of productive factors to the distribution of individual elements. He insists on expounding distributional justice outside the production process, which is essentially to obliterate class exploitation; it is a downward shift from the distribution of productive relations to the distribution of natural relations. He emphasizes the nature of the natural relationship of resource allocation, essentially evading class confrontation, moving from the height of social construction to the angle of virtual design, explaining distribution in the conception of virtual design, and essentially evading the development and progress of society.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F091.3

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