比较优势与竞争优势的关联机理及转化机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 08:11

本文选题：比较优势 + 竞争优势　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 随着知识经济和经济全球化的深入发展,发达国家期望能够获得更大的竞争优势以提升本国福利水平,发展中国家也不断寻找本国的比较优势,力争缩小与发达国家的经济差距,以实现从比较优势到竞争优势的跃迁。比较优势或者表现为劳动生产率的差异,或者为某一要素禀赋相对丰富以及规模经济的差异,它是竞争优势发展的初级阶段,是潜在的竞争优势。但如果这种潜在的优质性没有发挥出来,即使拥有了该要素的比较优势也不等于拥有竞争优势。只有将这种隐形的优势展现出来并持续提升才有可能转化为竞争优势。比较优势理论是国际贸易理论的核心与基石,竞争优势理论是产业经济理论的重要组成部分。本文综合运用国际贸易学、产业经济学、技术经济学、制度经济学、管理学等理论,以定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范研究与实证研究相结合的方法分析比较优势与竞争优势的关联机理及转化机制。本文的主要内容如下： 1.比较优势与竞争优势的理论基础。包括比较优势与竞争优势的内涵和理论的演化路径。前者的演化逻辑是基于劳动生产率差异、资源禀赋差异、规模经济差异以及交易效率等差异的比较优势。后者主要是基于知识、政策、市场结构、战略、动态能力、资源等优势的竞争优势。 2.比较优势与竞争优势的关联机理。本文从静态、动态两方面分析两种优势的关联机理。静态分析体现在比较优势和竞争优势的五大区别与五大联系。五大区别为：两种优势的前提假设、侧重的内涵、发展特征、种类细分及贸易政策有所不同。五大联系为：两者都是研究一国在开放条件下国内生产和消费应当保持什么样的结构才能最大限度地提高国民福利水平,其中,比较优势研究的是要素禀赋不同情况下国际间的分工与合作；竞争优势更多的是研究要素禀赋相同情况下国际间的产品利益分配。在内容上,比较优势是竞争优势发展的初级阶段,是竞争优势的表现形式之一,是竞争优势的必要条件,从比较优势到竞争优势是-个循序渐近的过程。动态分析是以产品生命周期理论为蓝本,采用强弱程度不同的正负性来显示比较优势与竞争优势的属性,构建比较优势与竞争优势的互动关联模型。 3.比较优势与竞争优势的转化机制。本文依照点-线-面-体的逻辑结构建立比较优势与竞争优势转化的“山坡”模型,也为“54321”模型,即5个要素,4个假设(规模经济、不完全竞争、产品异质性、关联产业的协同性),3条路径(属性为绝对比较优势的Ⅰ类比较优势、属性为相对比较优势的Ⅱ类比较优势和属性为绝对比较劣势的Ⅲ类比较优势向竞争优势的转化),2个平台(对发达国家和对发展中国家两种国际分工情况下的优势转化),1个系统(在加入时间要素情况下,将目标产业与关联产业综合考虑,把动态比较优势转化为动态竞争优势的过程)。同时,构建“人”字型模型来说明比较优势向竞争优势转化的5要素的关系：技术是“心脏”,是优势转化的原动力；资本是“血液”,是优势转化的活力剂；劳动是“四肢”,是优势转化的实施者；组织是“器官”,是优势转化的平台；制度是“大脑”,为优势转化提供政策保障与环境支撑。 4.比较优势向竞争优势转化的实证分析。本文从汽车产业的产业特征出发,比较分析美日德的汽车产业竞争优势。从定性的“山坡”模型与定量的主成分分析的角度探索中国汽车产业的比较优势与竞争优势。定性分析的结论是：充足的劳动力供给、建设国家创新机制的政府政策和长期积累的企业文化是当前中国汽车产业的Ⅰ类比较优势；国内市场和自然资源是Ⅱ类比较优势；资本、技术、组织管理、关联产业和规模经济等是Ⅲ类比较优势。定量上,中国汽车产业1998-2008年的数据显示,除了以产量集中度等八项指标为代表的综合经济绩效因子在中国汽车产业的优势转化过程中起到举足轻重的作用外,另外两个贡献度非常高的因素是以RD投入强度为代表的技术因子和以货物周转量为代表的物流因子。这说明技术和物流对中国汽车产业的优势提升具有举足轻重的作用。 5.比较优势向竞争优势转化的对策建议。通过对比较优势与竞争优势的关联机理及转化机制的分析,本文从宏观支持、中观支持、微观支持等三个层面提出政府政策的具体实施。
[Abstract]:With the further development of knowledge economy and economic globalization, the developed countries hope to gain greater competitive advantage in order to enhance the level of national welfare, developing countries are also constantly looking for their comparative advantage, and strive to narrow the economic gap with developed countries, the transition to competitive advantage from comparative advantage or comparative advantage to achieve. As the difference in labor productivity, or a relatively abundant factor endowment and scale economic difference, it is the primary stage of competitive advantage and potential competitive advantage. But if the quality of this potential has not been realized, even has the comparative advantage is not equal to the only have a competitive advantage. Contact the advantages of the show and continued it can be transformed into competitive advantage.
The theory of comparative advantage is the core and foundation of international trade theory, competitive advantage theory is an important part of the theory of industrial economics. This paper uses the theory of international trade, industrial economics, technology economics, institutional economics, management theory, combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative research and empirical research. Method to analyze the correlation mechanism and transformation mechanism of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1. the theory of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. Including the evolution path of the connotation and the theory of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The former is the logical evolution of labor productivity differences based on differences in resource endowments, the comparative advantage of economies of scale difference and trade efficiency differences. The latter is mainly based on knowledge, policy, market structure, strategy, Dynamic capabilities, resources and other advantages of the competitive advantage.
2. the correlation mechanism of comparative advantage and competitive advantage. This paper from the static correlation mechanism analysis of two kinds of advantages of the two aspects. The dynamic static analysis is reflected in the five differences between the comparative advantage and competitive advantage with the five. Five differences: hypothesis two advantages, focus on the development of connotation, characteristics, types of subdivision and trade policy Different. Five links: both of a country under the condition of opening up the domestic production and consumption should be maintained to maximize what kind of structure could improve the level of national welfare, which is the study on the comparative advantage of factor endowments under different conditions of international division of labor and cooperation; the competitive advantage is more Research on factor endowment phase The product distribution of interests between the international situation. In the content, comparative advantage, competitive advantage is the primary stage of development, is one of the forms of competitive advantage, is a necessary condition for competitive advantage, from comparative advantage to competitive advantage is a gradual process. The dynamic analysis is based on the theory of product life cycle based on with the strength of the process Different degrees of positive and negative attributes to display the comparative advantage and competitive advantage, construct the interaction model of comparative advantage and competitive advantage.
The transformation mechanism of the 3. comparative advantage and competitive advantage. According to the point line face body to establish the logical structure of comparative advantage and competitive advantage into the "hillside" model, also for the "54321" model, namely, 5 elements, 4 assumptions (economies of scale, imperfect competition, product heterogeneity, industry association the coordination), 3 paths (absolute property than The comparative advantage of a superior class attribute for the comparative advantage of the class II comparative advantage and absolute property is relatively inferior to class III comparative advantage to competitive advantage), 2 platforms (on the transformation of developed countries and developing countries on the two international division of labor under the condition of the 1 systems (advantages), in addition time under the condition of the target elements, Industry and related industries into consideration, the dynamic comparative advantage into dynamic competitive advantage). At the same time, relationship between the 5 elements to construct a herringbone model to illustrate the comparative advantage to competitive advantage: the technology is the "heart" is the motive power advantage; capital is the "blood", is the vitality agent advantage; labor Is the "limbs", is the implementation of the advantages of the transformation; organization is "organ", is the advantage of the platform; the system is the "brain", to provide policy support and environmental support for the transformation of advantages.
An empirical analysis of the 4. transforming comparative advantage to competitive advantage. This article from the industrial characteristics of the automobile industry, the automobile industry comparative analysis of the globalization of competitive advantage. From the qualitative and quantitative model of the slope angle of principal component analysis to explore Chinese automobile industry comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The qualitative analysis conclusion is sufficient: The labor supply, government policies and long-term accumulation of corporate culture is the comparative advantage of the automobile industry China class; domestic markets and natural resources is the comparative advantage of class II; capital, technology, organization and management, related industries and economies of scale are class III comparative advantage. The quantitative, Chinese automobile industry 19 98-2008 years of data, in addition to play a decisive role in the comprehensive economic performance factor eight indicators to the output concentration as the representative of the transformation process in China automobile industry advantage, the other two with a very high degree of factors is technical factor to RD as the representative of the input intensity and the freight turnover volume on behalf of the logistics Factor. This shows the advantages of technology and logistics of Chinese automobile industry promotion plays an important role.
5. suggestions on Transformation of comparative advantage to competitive advantage. By analyzing the correlation mechanism of comparative advantage and competitive advantage and the transformation mechanism, from the macro, meso support, put forward the concrete implementation of government policies in three aspects of micro support.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F062.9;F224

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