关于马克思社会必要劳动时间含义的再认识

发布时间：2018-07-23 19:38

【摘要】： 关于社会必要劳动时间的含义，早在20世纪20年代初，原苏联的经济学界就有不同的看法。新中国建国一开始，国内就有了类似看法。从20世纪50年代起，直到现在经历了5次大的争论，至今没有结束的迹象。目前，关于社会必要劳动时间的含义的看法，可以分为两类：一是认为马克思的社会必要劳动时间只有一种含义，这为一种论；一是认为社会必要劳动时间不止一种含义，而是多种含义。其中有的认为有两种，有的认为有三种，有的认为有四重。更有甚者，有的认为马克思社会必要劳动时间不是多种含义，而是不同的两种或四种。有的则认为马克思的社会必要劳动时间，既不是一种含义，也不是多种含义或多种不同种类，而是一种含义三个层次，一个事物两个层面，一个本原三层含义。这是非一种论。存在这么大的分歧，客观原因是：马克思在不同地方的论述形式上存在差异，马克思的社会必要劳动时间，有时指生产单位商品所需的，有时生产总量商品所必需的，有时指再生产商品所必需的，有时指原有的，有时指现有的，等等。站在某种角度看，的确可以认为马克思的社会必要劳动时间是多义的或多种的。这是非一种论产生的基础。“社会必要劳动时间”一词本身具有多语义性，它既可理解为生产单位商品所需的时间，也可理解为再生产商品所需的时间；既可理解为生产商品平均所需要的时间，也可理解为满足社会规模所要的时间；既可理解为生产商品必须花费的，也可理解为生产商品允许花费或应该花费的时间。等等。马克思本人也未能避开这种多语义性。这是非一种论产生的又一基础。但马克思在各处论述的内容具有一致性，社会必要劳动时间始终只是一种社会必要劳动时间。这是一种论的基础。分歧的主观原因是：(1)研究视角低平。这就使人难以把握马克思关于社会劳动时间论述的全部变化，只能把握其部分。(2)研究方法形而上学，这使研究者不能把马克思论述的社会必要劳动时间概念看成是一个不断变化的、形态多样的卜虔蒙一汰上主j斗十于整体。（3）以非马克思主义态度对待《资本论》。这限输了研究者的视野，使人不能把马克思有关论述看成是可以发展而且应该发展的，又嚣静止地理解马克思的论述。从马克思的严谨学风和高度负责精神看，从历子后来马克思主义者的任务看，从论证方法看，马克思没有多种或多种含义的社会必要劳动时间。要能够正确理解和把握马克思的社会必要劳动时间的含义，必须站在新高度、新视角，，运用新的研究方法。如果抬高视点，姑在新的视角，运用辨证法，就会看到，马克思的社会必要劳动时间是指，在现有的社会正常的生产和再生产条件下，社会为满足对某种产品的需要而分配的劳动时间。无论产品是否商品化，只要是社会需要的，都可分配到一定量的社会必要劳动时间。社会是按照在各种产品上需要满足程度相同的原则，在社会可支配的劳动时间中分配各种产品的社会必要劳动时间。重新认识社会必要劳动时间含义的重要意义：理论上，它有助于结束社会必要劳动时间的争论，彻底解决商品价值量的诀定问题，有助于澄清和统一对劳动价值论的认识，从而有利于坚持和发展劳动价值论，也有助于理解马克思主义和发展马克思主义；从实践上，有助于解释现实生活中的疑惑问题；有助于解释、指导产品和服务的价值和价格的确定，这些产品和服务包括：垄断性产品、非市场化的产品、公务员和企业事业单位某些职工的活动。它也有利于推动妇女解放运动和社会的健康发展。
[Abstract]:As early as the early 1920s, the economic circles of the former Soviet Union had different views on the meaning of the necessary labor time of the society. Since the beginning of the founding of the new China, there was a similar view in the country. Since 1950s, there have been 5 big debates until now, and there are no signs of ending. At present, the necessary labor time of the society is contained. The view of righteousness can be divided into two categories: one is that Marx's social necessary labor time has only one meaning, which is a theory; the first is that the social necessary labor time has more than one meaning, but a variety of meanings. Some of them think there are two kinds, some think three, some think four, and some think Marx. Social necessary labor time is not a variety of meanings, but two different or four different kinds. Others think that Marx's social necessary labor time is neither a meaning, nor a variety of meanings or various kinds, but a meaning three levels, one thing two layers, a primitive three meaning. This is a non theory. Such a big difference, the objective reason is that there is a difference in the form of Marx's discussion in different places. The social necessary labor time of Marx, sometimes the necessary for the production unit commodity, sometimes the necessary for the production of the total commodity, sometimes refers to the necessary of the reproduction of goods, the time refers to the original, sometimes refers to the existing, and so on. Stand in some kind. At the point of view, it is true that the social necessary labor time of Marx is polysemous or multiple. This is the basis of the non one theory. The term "social necessary labor time" itself is polysemous. It can be understood as the time needed for the production unit and the time needed for the reproduction of goods; it can be understood as a result. The average time needed to produce goods can also be understood as the time required to meet the scale of the society; it is understandable that the production of goods must be spent, and it can be understood as the time for the production of goods to allow or should be spent. And so on. Marx himself has not been able to avoid this multilingual. This is another basis for the creation of a theory. The content of Kyth's discourse is consistent, and the social necessary labor time is always a kind of social necessary labor time. This is the basis of a theory. The subjective reason of the disagreement is: (1) the research angle of view is low. It makes it difficult to grasp all the changes of the theory of social labor time by Marx and can only grasp its part. (2) research The method of metaphysics makes it impossible for researchers to regard Marx's concept of social necessary labor time as a constantly changing and varied form.
Bu Qianmeng is ten of the main J in the jig.
Overall, (3) to treat "Das Kapital" with a non Marx attitude. This has limited the vision of researchers.
People can not regard Marx's discourse as something that can be developed and developed.
Kyth's exposition. From Marx's rigorous style of study and highly responsible spirit, Marx came from Li Zi later.
From the point of view of argumentation, Marx does not have the social necessary labor of many or more meanings.
In order to correctly understand and grasp the meaning of Marx's social necessary labor time, we must stand in the new direction.
Height, new perspective, the use of new research methods. If we raise our viewpoint, we should apply dialectic in a new perspective.
Law will see that Marx's social necessary labor time refers to the normal production and production in the existing society.
Under the condition of reproduction, the labor time allocated by the society to meet the needs of certain products.
No commercialization, as long as it is social needs, can be allocated to a certain amount of social necessary labor time.
Distribution of socially disposable hours of work according to the principle of equal satisfaction in various products
The Social Necessary Labor Time for Matching Various Products. The Importance of Recognizing the Meaning of Social Necessary Labor Time
Meaning: Theoretically, it helps to end the controversy over social necessary labor time and thoroughly solve the problem of commodity value.
It is helpful to clarify and unify the understanding of labor theory of value, so as to uphold and develop labor.
The theory of dynamic value is also conducive to the understanding and development of Marxism; in practice, it is conducive to understanding.
Interpretation of doubts in real life helps to explain and guide the determination of the value and price of products and services.
These products and services include monopolistic products, non marketable products, civil servants and enterprises and institutions.
The activities of some workers are also conducive to promoting the healthy development of women's Liberation Movement and society.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F014.2

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