生态敏感区有机板栗生态补偿标准及其估算——以北京市密云水库库区为例

发布时间：2018-09-08 08:10

【摘要】：有机农业发展与水源地等生态敏感区的生态安全维护息息相关,科学合理地对有机农业进行生态补偿,是促进水源地有机农业发展的重要激励手段,对防止水库水体污染、维护水库生态系统安全具有重要意义。研究应用生态服务价值评估、生命周期评价以及农户问卷调查等方法,综合考虑有机农产品生产的额外成本、生态系统服务价值及环境成本三大基本影响因素,建立有机农产品生态补偿标准定量化指标体系和估算方法,确定了北京市密云库区有机板栗的生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:与常规板栗相比,密云有机板栗生产的额外成本为6 000.00元/hm~2;有机板栗的生态系统服务价值高于常规板栗,增量为4 434.50元/hm~2;有机板栗的环境成本比常规板栗低209.20元/hm~2;密云库区有机板栗生态补偿标准为3个变量之和,即1.064 37万元/hm~2。在密云库区有机板栗生态补偿额度的构成中,有机板栗生产的额外成本所占比例最大,为56.37%,额外成本过高是影响该区域有机农业发展的主要障碍因素,而有机板栗较高的生态系统服务价值和较低的环境成本,是水库水环境安全的重要保障。估算密云水库库区有机农产品的生态补偿标准并分析其构成,对进一步完善该区域的生态补偿机制,维护库区生态安全具有重要参考价值。
[Abstract]:The development of organic agriculture is closely related to the maintenance of ecological security in ecological sensitive areas such as water source areas. The scientific and reasonable ecological compensation for organic agriculture is an important incentive means to promote the development of organic agriculture in water source areas and to prevent water pollution in reservoirs. It is of great significance to maintain the safety of reservoir ecosystem. Using the methods of ecosystem service value assessment, life cycle evaluation and peasant household questionnaire survey, three basic influencing factors, such as the extra cost of organic agricultural production, ecosystem service value and environmental cost, were comprehensively considered. The quantitative index system and estimation method of ecological compensation standard for organic agricultural products were established and the ecological compensation standard of organic chestnut in Miyun Reservoir area of Beijing was determined. The results showed that the extra cost of organic chestnut production in Miyun was 6 000.00 yuan / hm ~ (-2), and the ecosystem service value of organic chestnut was higher than that of conventional Chinese chestnut. The environmental cost of organic chestnut was 209.20 yuan / hm ~ (-2) lower than that of normal chestnut, and the ecological compensation standard of organic chestnut in Miyun reservoir area was 10643.7 yuan / hm ~ (-2). In the composition of ecological compensation quota of organic chestnut in Miyun reservoir area, the proportion of extra cost of organic chestnut production is the largest, which is 56.37. The high extra cost is the main obstacle factor affecting the development of organic agriculture in this area. Organic chestnut has higher ecosystem service value and lower environmental cost, which is an important guarantee for reservoir water environment safety. To estimate the ecological compensation standard of organic agricultural products in Miyun reservoir area and analyze its composition are of great reference value for further improving the ecological compensation mechanism and maintaining ecological safety in the reservoir area.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“我国生态敏感区有机农产品生态补偿计量方法及联动补偿机制研究”(14YJAZH109) 北京市生态学重点学科项目(XK10019440)
【分类号】：F326.13;X196

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