从“两条道路”到科学的历史分析方法的创立及发展

发布时间：2018-01-02 02:18

本文关键词：从“两条道路”到科学的历史分析方法的创立及发展　出处：《西南交通大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 马克思在《经济学手稿(1857-1858年)》的导言中提出政治经济学的方法的两条原则。第一条是从具体到抽象的道路,第二条是从抽象上升到具体的道路。并指出第二条道路是科学的分析资本主义经济结构的正确方法。从方法论意义上讲,第一条道路是归纳法的道路,而第二条道路则是演绎法占据主导地位。哲学史上,在探索归纳法与演绎法二者的关系上,呈现出更多的是归纳与演绎的对立。马克思对于资产阶级古典政治经济学斯密和李嘉图的剖析,是其政治经济学的批判性理论起点,而之后对于小资产阶级社会主义者蒲鲁东的批判,乃是其在一般方法论上将归纳法与演绎法融合在一起的连接点。在批判的过程中实现了归纳法与演绎法的融合,从而进一步发展了政治经济学的方法论体系。而且包括从抽象到具体的方法、从后思索法、逻辑与历史相统一的方法等历史分析方法在其基础上进一步科学化,尤其是逻辑与历史相统一的方法是以整个逻辑方法体系应用的最终形式表现出来。作为科学的历史分析方法,它们不仅在马克思的《经济学手稿(1857-1858年)》及其以后的《资本论》等著作中得到充分应用及体现,而且在指导马克思主义中国化的进程中也发挥着重要作用。这在马克思主义中国化的理论成果中有鲜明的体现,因而是科学的、开放的、与时俱进的历史分析方法。
[Abstract]:Marx put forward two principles of the method of political economy in the introduction of Economic manuscripts (1857-1858). The first is the road from concrete to abstract. The second way is from the abstract to the concrete, and points out that the second way is the correct way to analyze the capitalist economic structure scientifically. In the sense of methodology, the first road is the way of induction. In the history of philosophy, the relationship between induction and deduction is explored. Marx's analysis of classical bourgeois political economics, Smith and Ricardo, is the starting point of his critical theory of political economy. And then the critique of the petty-bourgeois socialist Poulidon. It is the connection point in which inductive and deductive methods are combined in general methodology, and the integration of induction and deduction is realized in the process of criticism. Therefore, the methodology system of political economy is further developed, which includes the methods from abstract to concrete, the method of thinking after, the method of unifying logic and history, and so on, on the basis of which the methods of historical analysis are further scientific. Especially the method of the unity of logic and history is expressed in the final form of the application of the whole logic method system, as a scientific method of historical analysis. They have not only been fully applied and embodied in Marx's manuscripts of Economics (1857-1858), but also in his later works Capital. Moreover, it also plays an important role in guiding the process of Sinicization of Marxism, which is clearly reflected in the theoretical achievements of Sinicization of Marxism, so it is scientific and open. Historical analysis method of keeping pace with the times.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F091.91

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