基于生态系统服务功能价值的滇池水污染经济损益分析

发布时间：2018-01-24 23:58

本文关键词： 滇池生态系统服务功能价值评估经济损益可持续发展　出处：《新疆大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：滇池作为云南省最大的淡水湖泊,对昆明市及其流域内其他城市的经济发展起着举足轻重的作用,但是随着城市的发展,滇池污染也日趋严重,湖泊水质早已经变为劣五类、湖泊的生态系统也遭到严重破坏。滇池污染已经成为制约城市发展的主要问题。近二十年来,围绕滇池污染治理方面进行的研究、工程设施建设已经投入了大量资金,但尚未见到明显的成效,水环境恶化的趋势还在继续。滇池水质污染已经严重影响了整个流域的可持续发展,并对人们的身体健康也造成了潜在的危害,因此,治理滇池、保护滇池已经成为刻不容缓的任务。滇池的水污染十分严重,关于滇池的治理,也主要是出现什么污染就针对什么污染问题开始治理,但还没有从生态系统服务功能价值的角度来考虑滇池的水污染问题,本文从滇池生态系统服务功能价值的角度,通过计算滇池湿地几年来生态系统服务功能价值的变化,进而探讨滇池水污染和生态系统服务功能价值变化之间的关系,以期寻找治理滇池水污染的新思路。滇池湿地为昆明市的生产生活以及社会的发展提供了宝贵的资源。滇池生态系统服务功能价值的改变是其水污染变化及影响的另外一种表现方式,对此,我们还没有有效的信息处理方式以引起人们的重视,因此对滇池湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估是很有必要的。作者通过咨询专家及实地考察,筛选出滇池湿地的生态系统服务功能包括物质生产功能、休闲娱乐功能等八项。本文利用市场价值法、费用成本法、影子工程法等评价方法,对滇池湿地的生态系统服务功能价值进行了估算,得出2009年滇池湿地的各种服务功能总价值为75.92×10~8元,其中直接使用价值为62.14×10~8元,占总价值的81.8%,而间接价值为13.78×10~8元,占到总价值的18.2%,其中以休闲娱乐的价值最高,占到了直接使用价值的75.58%,占总价值的59.6%,这一方面体现了滇池目前的现状,认清了生态系统本身正常运行后给人类带来的价值,那么这项工作才是有意义的。通过对2006年到2009年滇池湿地的生态系统服务功能价值进行比较,得出滇池湿地几年来生态系统服务功能价值损失了20.76×10~8元,各项服务功能价值有增有减,其中气候调节功能、污染净化和降解污染物功能价值减少的幅度较大。本文根据滇池湿地生态系统服务功能价值计算成果及其分析,提出了未来几年滇池水污染治理工作的新思路:从提高滇池湿地气候调节功能价值和污染净化和降解污染物功能价值两方面来解决滇池水污染持续恶化的现象。具体措施包括:对滇池湿地周边地区大规模植树造林、增加滇池中水生植物的种类、覆盖度、密度,培育或选择吸收水中特定污染物的水生植物等等。
[Abstract]:As the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province, Dianchi Lake plays an important role in the economic development of Kunming City and other cities in the basin. However, with the development of the city, Dianchi Lake pollution is becoming more and more serious. The water quality of lakes has been changed into five categories, and the ecosystem of lakes has also been seriously damaged, and the pollution of Dianchi Lake has become the main problem restricting the development of cities. In the past two decades, the research on pollution control in Dianchi Lake has invested a lot of funds in the construction of engineering facilities, but no obvious results have been seen. The water pollution of Dianchi Lake has seriously affected the sustainable development of the whole basin and caused potential harm to the health of people. Therefore, the management of Dianchi Lake. Protecting Dianchi Lake has become an urgent task. The water pollution of Dianchi Lake is very serious. However, the problem of water pollution in Dianchi Lake has not been considered from the perspective of ecosystem service function value. By calculating the changes of ecosystem service function value in Dianchi Lake wetland in recent years, the relationship between water pollution of Dianchi Lake and changes of ecosystem service function value is discussed in order to find a new way to control water pollution in Dianchi Lake. Dianchi wetland provides valuable resources for the production and life of Kunming city and the development of society. The change of service function value of Dianchi Lake ecosystem is another manifestation of water pollution change and influence. We do not have effective information processing methods to attract people's attention, so it is necessary to evaluate the value of ecosystem services in Dianchi Lake wetland. The ecosystem service functions of Dianchi Lake wetland are selected, including material production function, recreational function and so on. This paper uses market value method, cost cost method, shadow engineering method and other evaluation methods. The value of ecosystem service function of Dianchi wetland was estimated. In 2009, the total value of various service functions of Dianchi wetland was 75.92 脳 10 ~ (8) yuan. The direct use value is 62.14 脳 10 ~ (8) yuan, accounting for 81.8% of the total value, while the indirect value is 13.78 脳 10 ~ (8) yuan, accounting for 18.2% of the total value. Among them, the value of leisure and entertainment is the highest, which accounts for 75.58 of the direct use value and 59.6of the total value, which reflects the current situation of Dianchi Lake. It makes sense to recognize the value that ecosystems themselves bring to humans. By comparing the ecosystem service function value of Dianchi Lake wetland from 2006 to 2009, it is concluded that the ecosystem service function value of Dianchi Lake wetland has lost 20.76 脳 10 ~ 8 yuan in recent years. The value of each service function increased and decreased, among which the function value of climate regulation, pollution purification and degradation decreased greatly. This paper is based on the results and analysis of the value of service function of the wetland ecosystem in Dianchi Lake. A new idea of water pollution control in Dianchi Lake in the next few years is put forward. In order to solve the problem of water pollution deterioration in Dianchi Lake, we can improve the value of climate regulation and pollution purification and degradation of pollutants in Dianchi Lake wetland. The specific measures include:. Large-scale afforestation in the surrounding area of Dianchi Lake wetland was carried out. Increase the species, coverage, density of aquatic plants in Dianchi Lake, cultivate or select aquatic plants to absorb specific pollutants in the water, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X524;X196

【引证文献】