基于行为实验的集组理论研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 09:12

本文选题：集组理论　切入点：集体理性　出处：《清华大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：最近十几年随着行为经济学和实验经济学的迅猛发展，实验经济学家通过大量实验发现：实验参与者不仅仅只关注个人利益，有时关注他人利益或关注所有参与者所组成的集体利益。对个体的非利己研究引起专家的重视。集组理论是关于个体选择集体理性的一种非利己的研究。本文主要以集组理论为主题，通过理论研究和实验设计，围绕集组理论的存在性、模型修正、假设条件和适用范围进行的一系列相关研究。首先，本文通过对相关理论优缺点的研究分析，提出相对完整的集组理论概念，从理论上辨别集组理论与其他相关理论的区别,说明集组理论不可替代性，同时提出集组理论的假设条件。其次，本文对现有集组理论的数理模型的优缺点进行分析，然后与几个相关理论的模型进行对比，最后基于对外部信号因素的考虑构建集组推理模型，并进行算例分析。第三，本文设计了五组对比实验，实验目的是验证集组理论的存在性，进而对提出的假设条件进行验证，并通过实验过程和结果探讨集组理论的适用范围。实验结果不仅证实了集组理论的存在性；而且揭示了个体理性和集体理性同时存在；个体选择集体理性时具有团队意识；选择集体理性策略的个体具有共同的价值观；且在信息不对称的情况下局中人相信对方和自己选择相同的策略，希望和对方合作等现象，符合论文所设的假设条件。本文通过对实验设计、过程、结果的分析，，得到集组理论如下适用范围：博弈条件/机制设置（显性或隐形），会对局中人选择个体理性、集体理性的程度造成影响；个体利益与集体利益增加方向一致增强集组理论作用的发挥，否则产生抑制效果；博弈中须只存在唯一的集组理论解，否则集组理论不稳定。最后本文在实验数据基础上对集组理论进行延展性分析，讨论了集组理论解的个数与稳定性之间的关系；从数学角度论证集组理论的不可替代性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of behavioral economics and experimental economics in the past decade, experimental economists have found through a large number of experiments that the participants in the experiment are not only concerned with their personal interests. Sometimes attention is paid to the interests of others or to the collective interests of all participants. Set group theory is a kind of non-egoistic research on collective rationality of individual choice. This paper mainly focuses on set group theory, through theoretical research and experimental design, around the existence of set group theory, model modification. A series of relevant studies on hypothetical conditions and scope of application. First of all, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of relevant theories, a relatively complete concept of set group theory is put forward, and the difference between set group theory and other related theories is theoretically distinguished, which shows that set group theory can not be replaced. At the same time, the hypothesis of set group theory is proposed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mathematical models of set group theory, and then compares them with several models of relevant theories. Finally, based on the consideration of external signal factors, a set group reasoning model is constructed, and an example is analyzed. Thirdly, five sets of comparative experiments are designed to verify the existence of set theory, and then verify the proposed hypothesis. The experimental results not only confirm the existence of set group theory, but also reveal that individual rationality and collective rationality exist simultaneously, and that individuals have team consciousness when they choose collective rationality. The individuals who choose the collective rational strategy have the same values, and in the case of asymmetric information, they believe that the other side and themselves choose the same strategy, and hope to cooperate with each other, which accords with the hypothetical conditions set in the paper. Based on the analysis of experimental design, process and results, this paper obtains the following applicable scope of set group theory: game condition / mechanism setting (dominant or invisible) will affect the degree of individual rationality and collective rationality; The increasing direction of individual and collective interests enhances the function of set group theory, otherwise it produces inhibitory effect. In the game, there must be only one set group theory solution, otherwise the set group theory is unstable. Finally, based on the experimental data, this paper analyzes the ductility of the set theory, discusses the relationship between the number of solutions and the stability of the set group theory, and proves that the set group theory is irreplaceable from the point of view of mathematics.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F069.9

【引证文献】