博弈论视域中效率与公平的辩证法

发布时间：2018-03-18 18:10

本文选题：效率　切入点：公平　出处：《山西大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 西方理论界从20世纪70年代就开始了对公平与效率关系的探讨。80年代中期以来，随着我国分配领域中新的矛盾的出现及其尖锐化，收入分配是否公平的问题逐渐成为全社会关注的一个焦点，社会各界尤其是经济学界和社会学界对公平与效率的关系问题进行了热烈的讨论。博弈论自20世纪50年代问世以来，作为一种新兴的方法理论已经飞速地、广泛地应用于经济学、管理学、政治学等自然科学和社会科学的各个领域。博弈论不但改变了自然科学家的思维方式，也改变着社会科学家的思维方式。在以往关于公平与效率的讨论中，无论是主张公平优先于效率的学者，还是主张效率优先于公平的学者，以及认为应该二者并重的学者，都不是在博弈论的视域中讨论这一问题。从博弈论的视角进行效率与公平关系的讨论，是一种新的研究方法，博弈树给人以清晰的、直观的视角感受，使人对效率与公平的关系一目了然。对效率与公平进行“囚徒困境”探析，意在指出导致目前矛盾的原因以及如何解决的方法。关于效率与公平的博弈均衡点问题，各派学者都定位在制度上，我国经过不断博弈找到“效率优先，兼顾公平”这一解决当代效率与公平关系的均衡点。从博弈论的视角研究哲学问题，，或者说对哲学问题进行博弈分析，无论是在国外还是在国内，都是有一定的理论基础的。在“分析马克思主义”思潮中，埃尔斯特和罗默强烈主张把博弈论运用于马克思主义的理论分析中，他们认为博弈论是为马克思主义的社会科学理论分析和建立微观基础“特意锻造的工具”。中国社会科学院哲学研究所的赵汀阳研究员认为，之所以对博弈论进行哲学分析，是以促动学科之间的互相反思为目的。博弈论在当代处理效率与公平关系中，则是以利益博弈的姿态出现的。和谐社会的基础是利益均衡，利益均衡的关键是利益协调机制，均衡机制的基础是表达的博弈。效率与公平的博弈，其实就是利益的博弈，因此我们有必要研究利益博弈中出现的利益分化，以及解决当前利益表达的矛盾。
[Abstract]:Since 1970s, the western theorists began to probe into the relationship between fairness and efficiency. Since the mid-1980s, with the emergence and sharpening of new contradictions in the field of distribution in China, The issue of whether the income distribution is fair has gradually become a focus of attention of the whole society. The relationship between fairness and efficiency has been discussed warmly in all walks of life, especially in the economic and social circles. Since 1950s, as a new method theory, game theory has been widely used in economics and management. Game theory not only changes the way of thinking of natural scientists, but also changes the way of thinking of social scientists. In the previous discussions on fairness and efficiency, whether it is the scholars who advocate that fairness takes precedence over efficiency, those who advocate that efficiency takes precedence over fairness, and those who think that both should be given equal weight. The discussion of the relationship between efficiency and fairness from the perspective of game theory is a new research method, and the game tree gives people a clear and intuitive perspective. The analysis of "Prisoner's Dilemma" of efficiency and fairness is intended to point out the cause of the present contradiction and how to solve it. All kinds of scholars are located in the system, our country through the continuous game to find the "efficiency first, taking into account the equity", the balance point to solve the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The study of philosophical problems from the perspective of game theory, or the game analysis of philosophical problems, has a certain theoretical foundation both in foreign countries and at home. Elster and Romer strongly advocate the application of game theory to the theoretical analysis of Marxism. They believe that game theory is a "specially forged tool" for the theoretical analysis of Marxist social science and the establishment of a micro-foundation. Zhao Tingyang, a researcher at the Institute of philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the reason for the philosophical analysis of game theory is that. The aim is to stimulate mutual reflection between disciplines. Game theory appears as a game of interest in dealing with the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The foundation of a harmonious society is the balance of interests, the key of which is the mechanism of interest coordination. The game of efficiency and fairness is actually the game of interest, so it is necessary to study the differentiation of interest in the game of interest and to solve the contradiction of the expression of interest.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F224.32;F014.4

【引证文献】