我们为何偏好公平:一个演化视角的解释

发布时间：2018-04-01 13:31

本文选题：公平心理　切入点：演化　出处：《经济研究》2011年08期

【摘要】：当代行为经济学已经确认人类存在公平心理偏好,但并未回答它从何而来。本文提出一个演化解释:人类公平偏好的根源可能在于人类早期的进化过程。通过一个演化博弈模型和随机演化仿真模型表明:(1)在一个完全封闭的族群中,公平偏好的单态社会是随机稳定的演化均衡,非公平偏好的双态社会也是演化稳定的但并非随机稳定的;(2)若同时考虑族群之间的竞争,则公平偏好的单态社会将是唯一的演化稳定均衡。其原因在于,合作机会多少与合作利益大小是此消彼长的,公平行为最能够平衡合作机会与合作利益对生存竞争的影响,从而成为个体—族群两个层面的生存竞争中最具适存性优势的行为模式。人类的公平偏好,可能源于本能性的公平行为在人类早期进化中的适存性优势。
[Abstract]:Contemporary behavioral economics has confirmed that human beings have a psychological preference for fairness. But it does not answer where it came from. This paper proposes an evolutionary explanation: the root of human fairness preference may be due to the early evolutionary process of mankind. Through an evolutionary game model and stochastic evolutionary simulation model, it is shown that: 1). In a completely closed ethnic group, The single-state society of fair preference is a stochastic stable evolutionary equilibrium, and the two-state society of unfair preference is also evolutional stable but not stochastic stable) if the competition among ethnic groups is considered at the same time, The reason is that the number of cooperation opportunities and the size of cooperation interests are different, and fair behavior is the best way to balance the impact of cooperation opportunities and cooperative interests on survival competition. Therefore, it becomes the most suitable behavior mode in the survival competition between individuals and ethnic groups. The human's fair preference may be due to the adaptability advantage of instinctive fair behavior in the early evolution of human beings.
【作者单位】：华南师范大学经济与管理学院;华南师范大学华南市场经济研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目(编号:07CJL019) 广东省高校学科建设创新团队重大项目(编号:051500020100925)的研究资助
【分类号】：F069.9

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