财富禀赋与理性境界——关于理性行为动机的马斯洛与马歇尔之辩

发布时间：2018-04-02 05:13

本文选题：经济人假定　切入点：自利动机　出处：《学术月刊》2011年11期

【摘要】：自利动机假定和"最大化"分析范式是主流经济学的核心理论座架与基础逻辑构件。它反映了斯密、马歇尔置身的生产力低下、财富匮乏的前工业化时代人们追求物质生存需求满足的行为机理。马斯洛发现财富快速增长的工业化时代人们的行为动机与财富匮乏时代有着重大不同,也即随着收入增加和物质生存需求满足程度提高,经济行为人的行为动机会逐渐向自我实现动机递变。工业化国家近年来不断扩展的企业家慈善捐赠行动和企业社会责任行为,就是经济人行为动机由单一生存需求动机向多元复合高层动机转变的一个明证。主流经济学把贫困环境下以生存为基本诉求的经济行为人错置到摆脱了贫困和生存困扰、消费品堆积如山的当代,把一种与贫困时代合宜的经济学假定丝毫无改地带入富裕时代的经济学,是导致经济人假定失真的一个主要根由。现代经济学在承纳人的经济自利动机的同时,应该为人的自我实现、社会责任、利他等高层心理动机的涌现和张扬留出理论通路。
[Abstract]:The assumption of self-interest motivation and the paradigm of "maximization" are the core theoretical frames and basic logical components of mainstream economics. It reflects Smith, Marshall's low productivity. The behavior mechanism of people's pursuit of material survival needs in the pre-industrial era of wealth scarcity. Maslow found that the motives of people's behavior in the rapid growth of wealth were significantly different from those of the era of wealth scarcity. That is, with the increase of income and the satisfaction of material needs, the behavior motivation of economic actors will gradually change to self-realization motivation. It is a clear proof that the motive of economic man's behavior has changed from a single motive of survival demand to a multi-level motive. Mainstream economics has misplaced the economic actor who takes survival as the basic demand in the poor environment to get rid of poverty and survival puzzles. The accumulation of consumer goods in the contemporary era has brought an economic assumption appropriate to the era of poverty into the economics of the rich age without any change. Modern economics should provide a theoretical path for the emergence and publicity of high-level psychological motives such as self-realization, social responsibility, altruism and so on.
【作者单位】：浙江工商大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“基于产业集群环境与生态学视角的企业衍生机理研究”(71172223)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F091.3

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