双重合约论——基于对外部性的新解释

发布时间：2018-04-13 21:51

本文选题：外部性 + 合约　；参考：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2011年04期

【摘要】：外部性的新定义是:没有参与订立特定相关合约的其他人所给予上述合约订立人的影响。上述订立的特定相关合约就是内部合约。所谓影响或某种控制,都是经过一致同意达成合约实现的。上述"其他人"不参加内部合约从而不受它控制,但对内部合约订立人产生影响,必定是同内部合约订立人达成了另外的合约即外部合约。上述内外合约组合成双重合约,这是一个普遍存在的事实。在拥有完全退出权的条件下,所有合约包括内外合约,都是每个参与人通过收益成本计算而一致同意达成的,其中包括为降低决策成本而一致同意采取各种授权方式达成的合约。内外合约的联系即相互之间的影响是双向的,其中外部合约作为外部选择点,由于条件的不同,或是可以保障内部合约的达成与稳定,或是可以替代内部合约参与人使其退出并改变内部合约。但上述退出权的实现取决于退出效用是否不小于退出成本。公共选择、合作博弈、讨价还价和一般均衡等理论同样可以解释双重合约。
[Abstract]:The new definition of externality is the influence given to the contractor by others who are not involved in the conclusion of a specific relevant contract.The specific contracts mentioned above are internal contracts.So-called influence or some kind of control, is through the agreement to reach the contract realization.The above mentioned "others" do not participate in the internal contract and are not subject to its control, but the influence on the internal contract maker is bound to be the conclusion of another contract with the internal contract maker, that is, the external contract.It is a common fact that the above-mentioned internal and external contracts are combined into dual contracts.With the right to complete withdrawal, all contracts, including internal and external contracts, were agreed upon by each participant through a cost-benefit calculation.These include contracts that are agreed upon in a variety of ways to reduce the cost of decision-making.The relationship between internal and external contracts is two-way, in which the external contract as the external choice point, because of the different conditions, or can guarantee the internal contract to reach and stable.Or can replace the internal contract participants to withdraw and change the internal contract.However, the realization of the withdrawal right depends on whether the withdrawal utility is not less than the exit cost.The theories of public choice, cooperative game, bargaining and general equilibrium can also explain double contract.
【作者单位】：上海市发展改革研究院;
【分类号】：F062.9

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