金属矿床露天开采的生态足迹和生态成本

发布时间：2018-04-18 01:14

本文选题：露天开采 + 生态足迹　；参考：《资源科学》2012年11期

【摘要】：基于生态足迹方法,构建了反映金属矿床露天开采的生态压力的直接和间接生态足迹模型,前者度量露天开采对生态系统的直接损害;后者度量其能耗产生的CO2排放对生态系统的间接冲击。基于生态足迹和生态系统的主要生态服务功能,建立了露天开采的生态成本估算模型,包括直接生态价值损失、外生生态价值损失、复垦成本和能耗生态成本。针对某露天矿的最终境界和生产计划,估算了其生态足迹、生态成本现值和矿山利润现值。该算例显示,总生态成本现值是不考虑生态成本时矿山利润现值的78%,不由矿山经营者负担的外生生态价值损失和能耗生态成本是利润的33%。可见,如果国家强制要求矿山经营者负担全部生态成本的话,露天矿山的投资回报将大幅下降,许多资源条件较差的矿床将不被开发,这对保护资源有积极作用。
[Abstract]:Based on the ecological footprint method, construct the direct and indirect ecological footprint model to reflect the ecological pressure of open-pit metal deposits, the former measure of direct damage to the ecological system of opencast mining; the latter measure the energy consumption of CO2 emission from indirect impact on the ecosystem. The main ecological service of ecological footprint and ecological function of the system based on the establishment of the ecological the cost estimation model of open-pit mining, including the direct loss of ecological value, the ecological value of exogenous loss, land reclamation costs and the eco cost of energy consumption. For open-pit mine production plan and the final state, estimates the ecological footprint, ecological cost and profit of the mine. An example shows that the total ecological cost is not considering the ecological cost when mining profit 78%, exogenous loss of ecological value and the eco cost of energy consumption by mine operators burden of profits is the 33%. can see, if If the state requires the operators to bear all the ecological costs, the return on investment of the open pit will be greatly reduced. Many of the poor resource deposits will not be developed, which will play a positive role in protecting the resources.

【作者单位】：东北大学资源与生态经济研究中心;东煤沈阳建筑基础工程公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(编号:50974041) 教育部博士点基金(编号:0042120040) 教育部培育种子基金(编号:N100401002) 教育部新世纪人才支持计划(编号:NCET-11-0073)
【分类号】：TD854;X196

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