等量劳动互换的两种形式:等价交换和按劳分配

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:22

本文选题：等价交换 + 按劳分配　；参考：《政治经济学评论》2013年04期

【摘要】：最早对等量劳动互换的两种形式之间的区别和联系进行全面深入研究的是我国著名经济学家胡钧教授。商品经济的基本关系是等价交换,其内容是等量劳动互换关系;公有制经济的本质关系是按劳分配,其内容也是等量劳动互换。但等价交换与按劳分配是两种本质不同的经济关系。体现在二者的"劳动"在内容和形式上是根本不同的。价值的实体是抽象的一般人类劳动或"社会必要劳动",按劳分配中的实体是"直接社会一般劳动"。差别根源于两种不同的所有制。等价交换关系承认从占有优良生产条件获取更大利益是其特权,因而必然会产生生产者之间的两极分化。社会主义国家虽然实行社会主义市场经济体制,但在公有制范围内取消了等价交换中的特权,实行更进一步的平等。关键在于贯彻等价交换向体现按劳分配原则的等量劳动互换的转化。
[Abstract]:Professor Hu Jun, a famous economist in China, was the first to make a thorough study of the difference and relationship between the two forms of equal labor exchange. The basic relation of commodity economy is equal value exchange, its content is equal quantity labor exchange relation, the essential relation of public ownership economy is distribution according to work, its content is equal quantity labor exchange. But the equal value exchange and the distribution according to work are two kinds of essentially different economic relations. Embodied in the two "labor" is fundamentally different in content and form. The entity of value is abstract general human labor or "social essential labor", while the entity of distribution according to work is "direct social general labor". The difference is rooted in two different forms of ownership. The equal value exchange relationship recognizes that it is a privilege to obtain greater benefits from the possession of good production conditions, and thus will inevitably lead to polarization among producers. Although socialist countries implement socialist market economy system, they cancel the privilege of equal value exchange within the scope of public ownership and carry out further equality. The key lies in carrying out the transformation from equal value exchange to equal quantity labor exchange which embodies the principle of distribution according to work.
【作者单位】：中央党校经济学部;
【分类号】：F014.3;F014.4

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