从主张集体经营到选择流通合作——列宁对马克思恩格斯农民合作思想的继承和创新

发布时间：2018-06-13 10:51

本文选题：列宁 + 集体经营　；参考：《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012年05期

【摘要】：由于受马克思恩格斯小农经济理论和农民合作思想的影响,在新经济政策实行以前,列宁对以家庭为生产组织形式的小农经济一直是否定的。但是,战时共产主义政策在农村实行的余粮征集制阻碍了生产力的发展,以同质集体劳动为特征的农业公社、共耕社等组织并没有显示出高于个体农民的生产效率,于是,列宁果断地摒弃已不合适宜的战时共产主义政策,推行新经济政策,在农业领域又退却到个体农户独立生产、允许私人贸易状态之中。但是,如果不对私人贸易加以控制,必然出现私营商人剥削农民、操纵市场、脱离国家控制和监督的消极结果,于是,列宁晚年明确主张采取农民商业合作,以取代私人贸易,实现小农经济和国家经济体制的衔接。这是列宁对马克思恩格斯合作思想的勇敢扬弃和宝贵创新。
[Abstract]:Because of the influence of Marx and Engels' theory of small-scale peasant economy and farmer's cooperative thought, before the implementation of the new economic policy, Lenin had always denied the small-scale peasant economy with family as the form of production organization. However, the collection of surplus grain in rural areas under the wartime communist policy hindered the development of productive forces. Organizations such as agricultural communes and co-tillage cooperatives, characterized by homogenous collective labour, did not show higher productivity than individual peasants. Lenin resolutely abandoned the unsuitable wartime communist policy, carried out the new economic policy, and retreated in the field of agriculture to individual farmers to produce independently, allowing private trade in the state. However, if private trade was not controlled, there would inevitably be a negative result of private businessmen exploiting peasants, manipulating markets and leaving the control and supervision of the state. In his later years, Lenin clearly advocated the adoption of peasant commercial cooperation as a substitute for private trade. To achieve the small peasant economy and the national economic system of convergence. This is Lenin to Marx and Engels cooperation thought brave sublation and valuable innovation.
【作者单位】：河南教育学院思政部;
【基金】：2010年国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会主义农民经济合作理论与实践研究”(10BKSO42)阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F091.92

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