基于技术异质性的中美贸易隐含碳问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 15:44
【摘要】：当前国际气候变化谈判中,各国碳排放责任的界定是一个焦点问题。国际贸易隐含碳的测算为合理界定各国的碳排放责任提供了依据。中国和美国是重要的贸易伙伴,中美贸易对两国碳排放具有重要影响。本文应用多区域投入产出(MRIO)模型,在考虑中美两国技术异质性的基础上,分别使用中美两国1995-2009年非竞争型投入产出表对中美贸易隐含碳进行了测算。为使测算结果准确和客观,本文利用总产出消费价格指数对中美两国各年产值及进出口贸易额进行了调整;并使用结构分解分析(SDA)法对中国向美国出口隐含碳的变化进行了因素分解。测算结果表明,从1995年到2009年,中国向美国出口隐含碳由165.95×106t增加到511.64×106t,增长了308.31%;中国从美国进口隐含碳从7.95×106t增加到29.46×106t,增长了370.57%;中国对美国净出口隐含碳从158.00×106t增加到482.18×106t,增长了305.18%。因素分解结果显示,从1995年到2009年,技术效应促使了中国向美国出口隐含碳的减少,规模效应和结构效应促使了中国向美国出口隐含碳的增加。为了减少对外贸易中的隐含碳排放,我国应努力提高生产技术和调整生产与贸易结构。
[Abstract]:In the current international climate change negotiations, the definition of carbon responsibility is a focal issue. The measurement of implied carbon in international trade provides a basis for defining the carbon emission liability of countries. China and the United States are important trading partners. Based on the multi-region input-output (MRIO) model and considering the technological heterogeneity between China and the United States, this paper uses the non-competitive input-output table of China and the United States from 1995 to 2009 to measure the implied carbon in Sino-US trade. In order to make the results accurate and objective, this paper adjusts the annual output value and import and export trade volume of China and the United States by using the total output consumer price index. The structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is used to analyze the change of implied carbon in China's exports to the United States. The results show that from 1995 to 2009, China's exports of implied carbon to the United States increased from 165.95 脳 10 6 t to 511.64 脳 10 6 t, an increase of 308.31 t; China's import of implied carbon from the United States increased from 7.95 脳 10 6 t to 29.46 脳 10 6 t, an increase of 370.57 t; and the net export implied carbon from China to the United States increased from 158.00 脳 10 6 t to 482.18 脳 10 6 t, an increase of 305.18 t. The results of factor decomposition show that from 1995 to 2009, the technological effect promoted the reduction of China's export of implied carbon to the United States, while the scale effect and the structural effect promoted the increase of China's export of implied carbon to the United States. In order to reduce the hidden carbon emissions in foreign trade, our country should improve the production technology and adjust the structure of production and trade.
【作者单位】： 北京理工大学管理与经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目“金砖五国对外贸易隐含碳测算及我国对策研究”(编号:71273026)
【分类号】：X196;F752.7
[Abstract]:In the current international climate change negotiations, the definition of carbon responsibility is a focal issue. The measurement of implied carbon in international trade provides a basis for defining the carbon emission liability of countries. China and the United States are important trading partners. Based on the multi-region input-output (MRIO) model and considering the technological heterogeneity between China and the United States, this paper uses the non-competitive input-output table of China and the United States from 1995 to 2009 to measure the implied carbon in Sino-US trade. In order to make the results accurate and objective, this paper adjusts the annual output value and import and export trade volume of China and the United States by using the total output consumer price index. The structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is used to analyze the change of implied carbon in China's exports to the United States. The results show that from 1995 to 2009, China's exports of implied carbon to the United States increased from 165.95 脳 10 6 t to 511.64 脳 10 6 t, an increase of 308.31 t; China's import of implied carbon from the United States increased from 7.95 脳 10 6 t to 29.46 脳 10 6 t, an increase of 370.57 t; and the net export implied carbon from China to the United States increased from 158.00 脳 10 6 t to 482.18 脳 10 6 t, an increase of 305.18 t. The results of factor decomposition show that from 1995 to 2009, the technological effect promoted the reduction of China's export of implied carbon to the United States, while the scale effect and the structural effect promoted the increase of China's export of implied carbon to the United States. In order to reduce the hidden carbon emissions in foreign trade, our country should improve the production technology and adjust the structure of production and trade.
【作者单位】： 北京理工大学管理与经济学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目“金砖五国对外贸易隐含碳测算及我国对策研究”(编号:71273026)
【分类号】：X196;F752.7
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