环境容量资源有偿使用研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 06:24

【摘要】： 随着社会的发展，环境容量资源的稀缺性日益突出，然而环境容量资源的无偿使用使其处于一种低效率的配置状态。在这样一种现实背景下，本文运用环境经济学和产权经济学的相关理论，结合案例分析的方法，探讨了环境容量资源及其有偿使用等问题。本文的主要结论和创新如下：第一，构建了环境容量资源的概念体系，对环境容量资源的特征作了补充分析。在概念体系方面，界定了环境容量资源的总量和可供利用的环境容量资源这两个概念，并把可供利用的环境容量资源进一步分为生产性排放所需的环境容量资源和生活性排放所需的环境容量资源两部分。在特征方面，在前人的基础上进一步指出：就自然特性而言，环境容量资源是一种可更新资源；就经济特性而言，环境容量资源是一种共有资源，对它的消费具有竞争性和非排他性。第二，分析了无偿使用的缺陷和有偿使用的利弊，指出从无偿到有偿是环境容量资源使用的必然趋势。企业是有偿使用的受损者，在区域性的有偿使用中企业很难向消费者转嫁有偿使用费，因此相比于全国性的有偿使用，企业更加反对区域性的有偿使用；普通居民由于存在搭便车的心理，也缺少推动有偿使用的热情。因此，环境容量资源的有偿使用有赖于民间环保团体和政府的推动。第三，分析了嘉兴市秀洲区的排污权交易困境，指出零交易的根源在于政府定价低于二级市场的出清价格，政府定价使排污权交易制度失效并使其呈现出排污收费制度的特征，所定价格就相当于排污费的税率。给出了政策建议：在现有企业都已获得初始排污权的情况下，，政府应该放弃固定价格出售的方法，减少对排污权市场的干预。本文的研究有望为我国逐步推进环境容量资源的有偿使用提供一定的理论指导和政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the scarcity of environmental capacity resources is becoming more and more prominent. However, the free use of environmental capacity resources makes them in a state of low efficiency. Under such a realistic background, this paper uses the theories of environmental economics and property economics, combined with the method of case analysis, to discuss the problems of environmental capacity resources and their paid use. The main conclusions and innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, the concept system of environmental capacity resources is constructed, and the characteristics of environmental capacity resources are analyzed. In terms of conceptual system, the concepts of the total amount of environmental capacity resources and the available environmental capacity resources are defined. The available environmental capacity resources are further divided into two parts: the environmental capacity resources required for productive emissions and the environmental capacity resources for living emissions. In terms of characteristics, it is further pointed out that in terms of natural characteristics, environmental capacity resources are renewable resources, and in terms of economic characteristics, environmental capacity resources are common resources. Its consumption is competitive and non-exclusive. Secondly, the defects of free use and the advantages and disadvantages of paid use are analyzed, and it is pointed out that from free to paid is the inevitable trend of the use of environmental capacity resources. Enterprises are victims of paid use, in the regional paid use of enterprises is difficult to transfer to consumers paid user fees, so compared with the national paid use, enterprises are more opposed to regional paid use; Ordinary residents because of the existence of free-rider psychology, but also lack of enthusiasm to promote paid use. Therefore, the paid use of environmental capacity resources depends on the promotion of private environmental groups and the government. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the plight of emission trading in Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing City, and points out that the root of zero trading lies in the fact that the government pricing is lower than the clearing price of the secondary market, and the government pricing makes the emission trading system ineffective and shows the characteristics of the emission charging system. The price set is equivalent to the tax rate on sewage charges. The policy suggestion is given: when the existing enterprises have already obtained the initial emission rights, the government should abandon the method of fixed price sale and reduce the interference in the emission rights market. The research in this paper is expected to provide some theoretical guidance and policy advice for gradually promoting the paid use of environmental capacity resources in China.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F062.2

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