中国对外贸易顺差中隐含的环境逆差研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 16:00

【摘要】：快速发展的对外贸易推动了我国经济的发展,同时也对国内资源环境状况产生重要影响。本文以二氧化硫为例,分别运用基于IPPS产业排污系数与基于GDP总量排污强度等两种方法,计算了我国与美国、日本、欧盟地区和港澳地区的国际贸易中隐含的污染物排放。基于两种排污系数的计算结果表明,1998-2008年期间我国与这四大贸易体的对外贸易顺差中隐含着大量的二氧化硫污染净进口,2008年二氧化硫污染净进口量分别达62.85万t和362.02万t。这表明我国贸易账户的顺差一定程度上是以环境账户的逆差为代价的。虽然随着技术进步,我国单位贸易顺差中的环境逆差有所减小,但由于贸易顺差规模的不断加大,1998-2006年环境逆差的总量整体上呈现不断增加的趋势,到2007年环境逆差总量开始有所减少。当前,我国在大力控制国内污染排放的同时,应重视对外贸易中隐含的污染排放,减缓贸易顺差的增速,加大对贸易进出口产品结构的调控,降低国际贸易对我国国内环境的压力。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of foreign trade promotes the development of China's economy, and also has an important impact on the situation of domestic resources and environment. Taking sulfur dioxide as an example, this paper calculates the implied pollutant emissions in international trade between China and the United States, Japan, the European Union and Hong Kong and Macao by using the two methods based on the industrial emission coefficient of IPPS and the total emission intensity of GDP. The results based on the two emission coefficients show that there were a lot of net sulfur dioxide pollution imports in the foreign trade surplus between China and the four major trading bodies from 1998 to 2008. The net imports of sulfur dioxide pollution in 2008 amounted to 628500 t and 3.6202 million t respectively. This indicates that China's trade account surplus is partly at the expense of the environmental account deficit. Although the environmental deficit in China's unit trade surplus has decreased with the progress of technology, the total amount of the environmental deficit in 1998-2006 has been increasing as a whole due to the increasing scale of the trade surplus. By 2007, the total environmental deficit began to decline. At present, while vigorously controlling domestic pollution emissions, China should attach importance to the implicit pollution emissions in foreign trade, slow down the growth of the trade surplus, and increase the regulation and control of the structure of import and export products in trade. Reduce the pressure of international trade on our domestic environment.
【作者单位】：北京大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：环境保护部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201009002)
【分类号】：X196;F752

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