产权清晰与交易费用——以广州垃圾收费制度为例

发布时间：2018-10-30 12:46

【摘要】：产权清晰的本质,就是在产权主体明确的情况下,一项资产在其运行过程中能否做到主体拥有的权责利的一致,并保证资产的价值保值和增值。如果归属于自然人的产权不能做到权责利的高度一致,其资产的价值也会出现贬值、不能得到有效利用或者被滥用的情况,这时,即使其产权归属的主体是唯一的自然人,其产权仍然是不清晰的。这意味着,归属于自然人的产权有时候仍然需要不断地清晰其产权。在解决居民丢垃圾的问题上,按月收取固定费用的制度、按袋收费的制度和按重量收费的制度这三种产权安排的清晰度不断提高,其在减少居民丢垃圾的数量的效果上也是越来越好,但其实施成本(即交易费用)也在不断提高。要使垃圾按重量收费的制度实施得更有成效,大力加强宣传教育、提高广大市民的素质必不可少。
[Abstract]:The essence of clear property right is whether an asset can achieve the consistency of rights, responsibilities and interests in the course of its operation, and ensure the value preservation and appreciation of the asset under the condition that the property right subject is clear. If the property right that belongs to a natural person cannot achieve a high degree of consistency of rights, responsibilities and interests, the value of its assets will also devalue, and it will not be effectively utilized or abused, even if the subject of the property right is the only natural person. Its property rights are still unclear. This means that property rights that belong to natural persons sometimes still need to be constantly clarified. With regard to solving the problem of littering by residents, the clarity of the three property rights arrangements, namely, a fixed monthly charge system, a bag charge system and a charge by weight system, has been continuously improved. It is also more effective in reducing the number of littering, but its implementation costs (i.e. transaction costs) are also increasing. In order to make the system of charging for garbage by weight more effective, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education and improve the quality of the general public.
【作者单位】：江西财经大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“过剩条件下促进经济适度发展的结构优化理论与对策研究”(13CJL015)
【分类号】：F299.24;F014.1

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