生态补偿对牧民社会观念的影响——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

发布时间：2018-11-22 18:23

【摘要】：牧民的生态环境行为受制于牧民的社会观念,全面评估生态补偿对牧民社会观念带来的影响是牧区环境不断改善的必要前提。本研究以甘南黄河水源补给区为例,基于多准则模糊分析模型,采用参与性农户评估方法对牧民家庭进行调查,并根据分布区域将其分成纯牧区牧户、半牧区牧户和农区牧户,就实施生态补偿后对甘南黄河水源补给区内牧民的社会观念变化造成的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)生态补偿对牧民的维权意识影响指数为3.53,影响程度较高,但全区仅有41.13%的牧民选择维权,农区要好于纯牧区和半牧区,牧民的维权意识有待进一步提高;(2)生态补偿对牧民的监督意识影响指数为4.02,影响程度很高,受牧民文化程度的影响,在半牧区和农区表现较为强烈;(3)牧民对环境变化的关注程度不断加大,生态补偿对牧民的环保意识的影响较为深刻,影响指数为3.95,且3组之间差异不大;(4)生态补偿对牧民参与意识的影响指数为3.94,生态环境的改善和优惠政策带来的好处导致半牧区和农区牧民受到更大影响。从整体来看,生态补偿的实施对甘南黄河水源补给区牧民的社会观念产生了重要影响,其中纯牧区牧民具有更好的维权意识,而半牧区和农区牧民则对监督意识、参与意识具有更深感受。
[Abstract]:The ecological environmental behavior of herdsmen is subject to the social concept of herdsmen. It is necessary to evaluate the impact of ecological compensation on herdsmen's social concept to improve the environment of pastoral areas. Taking the water supply area of the Yellow River in Gannan as an example, based on the multi-criteria fuzzy analysis model, the participatory farmer household evaluation method was used to investigate the herdsmen's families, and the herdsmen were divided into pure pastoral households, semi-pastoral herdsmen and agricultural pastoral herdsmen according to the distribution area. The influence of ecological compensation on the social concept of herdsmen in Gannan Yellow River water supply area was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the impact index of ecological compensation on herdsmen's awareness of protecting their rights was 3.53, and the degree of influence was higher, but only 41.13% of herdsmen chose to protect their rights in the whole area, and the agricultural areas were better than pure pastoral areas and semi-pastoral areas. The consciousness of protecting the rights of herdsmen needs to be further improved; (2) the influence index of ecological compensation on herdsmen's supervision consciousness is 4.02, and the influence degree is very high. Influenced by herdsmen's education level, it is stronger in semi-pastoral areas and agricultural areas; (3) the herdsmen pay more and more attention to the environmental change, and the ecological compensation has a deep influence on the herdsmen's environmental awareness, the impact index is 3.95, and the difference among the three groups is not significant; (4) the impact index of ecological compensation on herdsmen's participation consciousness is 3.94. The improvement of ecological environment and the benefits of preferential policies lead to greater impact on herdsmen in semi-pastoral and agricultural areas. On the whole, the implementation of ecological compensation has had an important impact on the social concept of herdsmen in the water supply area of the Yellow River in South Gannan, in which herdsmen in pure pastoral areas have a better sense of safeguarding their rights, while herdsmen in semi-pastoral areas and agricultural areas have a sense of supervision. The sense of participation has a deeper feeling.
【作者单位】：西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院;
【分类号】：X2;X196

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