碳关税对中国出口贸易的影响及应对策略

发布时间：2018-11-24 14:39

【摘要】：碳关税是美国提出的针对国际贸易中高能耗进口产品征税的一种新型绿色贸易壁垒。从表面上看,碳关税的提出是为了缓解全球气候变暖的现实,促进全球贸易的公平竞争。实质上,碳关税的提出是美国国内政治经济博弈的结果,其目的是为了夺取世界经济新的话语权,同时也是为了制衡中国在内的发展中国家。碳关税对我国出口的影响机制有二:第一,碳关税产生的价格效应促使出口商品成本上升,出口量下降,造成出口国净福利损失。第二,长期来看,碳关税的环境规制效应会促使出口企业实施创新、改进效率,企业竞争力增强。但是,就短期来说,由于我国尚不具备"波特假说"成立的前提条件,碳关税会促使成本上升,出口产品竞争力下降。本文系统分析了我国出口商品结构和地理方向,指出碳关税的推出将对我国当前出口贸易形成严峻的挑战,长期看将有利于我国市场结构、产业结构和出口结构的改善。基于以上的分析,文章提出了政府"环境外交"、逐步开征国内碳税、构建绿色制造体系等政策建议。
[Abstract]:Carbon tariff is a new green trade barrier proposed by the United States to tax high energy consumption imported products in international trade. On the surface, carbon tariff is proposed to alleviate the reality of global warming and promote fair competition in global trade. In essence, the proposal of carbon tariff is the result of the domestic political and economic game in the United States. Its purpose is to seize a new voice in the world economy, and also to check and balance the developing countries, including China. The influence mechanism of carbon tariff on China's export is twofold: first, the price effect of carbon tariff causes the cost of export goods to rise and the export volume to decline, which results in the loss of net welfare of exporting countries. Second, in the long run, the environmental regulation effect of carbon tariff will promote the export enterprises to implement innovation, improve efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. However, in the short term, because our country does not have the precondition of "Porter hypothesis", carbon tariff will cause the cost to rise and the competitiveness of export products to decline. This paper systematically analyzes the structure and geographical direction of China's export commodities, and points out that the introduction of carbon tariff will pose a severe challenge to China's current export trade, and in the long run will be conducive to the improvement of China's market structure, industrial structure and export structure. Based on the above analysis, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions such as government environmental diplomacy, gradually levying domestic carbon tax and constructing green manufacturing system.
【作者单位】：复旦大学经济学院;上海金融学院;
【分类号】：F752.62;X196

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