政治经济学批判与唯物史观

发布时间：2019-01-07 19:10

【摘要】：唯物史观作为马克思思想的核心既是建立在政治经济学批判的基础之上的,同时也是在政治经济学批判中得到进一步深化和发展的。正是通过政治经济学批判,马克思完成了哲学革命,确立了从现实的人及其实践活动出发阐释人类历史的基本原则和理论结构,从而创立了唯物史观。唯物史观的创立则使政治经济学批判超越了传统的政治经济学而成为一种社会历史批判。从宗教批判到对国家、法和政治的批判,再到政治经济学的批判,构成了青年马克思宗教批判的第一重逻辑;而从宗教批判开始的对黑格尔和整个近代西方形而上学的批判,则构成马克思批判哲学的第二重逻辑。无论是对政治经济学的批判还是对黑格尔哲学的批判,马克思始终是围绕着现实的人及其生存危机展开的。马克思通过政治经济学批判,揭示了人的对象性的本质,将人自身的存在理解为一个在对象性实践活动中现实地生成的过程,这同时也就是现实的生活世界的生成过程。一般形而上学批判、政治经济学批判和空想社会主义批判三者是统一的,共同构成了马克思唯物史观,脱离三者中的任何一个,都无法真正理解马克思思想。通过批判分析政治经济学,马克思实现了对唯物史观的基本原则系统化,使之成为认识和理解人类历史的科学理论。马克思在整个政治经济学批判之中始终贯彻了历史与逻辑相统一的原则,《资本论》的逻辑所展现出来的不仅仅是资本主义社会现实的经济结构,而是在历史与逻辑相统一基础上对资本主义社会形成和发展的全部的历史过程的深刻理解和把握。
[Abstract]:As the core of Marx's thought, historical materialism is not only based on the critique of political economy, but also deepened and developed in the critique of political economy. It was through the critique of political economy that Marx completed the philosophical revolution and established the basic principles and theoretical structure of interpreting human history from the point of view of reality and its practical activities, thus creating the historical materialism. The creation of historical materialism makes the criticism of political economy transcend the traditional political economy and become a kind of social and historical criticism. From the religious criticism to the criticism of the state, law and politics, to the critique of the political economy, it constitutes the first logic of the religious criticism of young Marx. The criticism of Hegel and the whole modern western metaphysics from religious criticism constitutes the second logic of Marx's critical philosophy. Whether the criticism of political economy or the criticism of Hegel's philosophy, Marx always revolved around the reality of human beings and their survival crisis. By criticizing the political economy, Marx revealed the essence of human's objectiveness, and understood the existence of human being as a process of realistic generation in the practice of object, which is also the process of the generation of the real life world. General metaphysical criticism, political economic criticism and utopian socialist criticism are unified, which together constitute Marx's historical materialism, without any one of the three, it is impossible to really understand Marx's thought. Through critical analysis of political economics, Marx realized the systematization of the basic principles of historical materialism and made it a scientific theory of understanding and understanding human history. Marx carried out the principle of the unity of history and logic throughout the whole critique of political economy. The logic of "Capital" showed not only the economic structure of the capitalist society, but also the reality of the capitalist society. On the basis of the unity of history and logic, it is a profound understanding and grasp of the whole historical process of the formation and development of capitalist society.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学马克思主义哲学研究基地;
【分类号】：F0-0

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