“经济人”假设的争论:本源与超越

发布时间：2019-02-13 20:02

【摘要】："经济人假设"争论的本源在于人类行为动机和行为模式的多样性。"经济人"假设虽然符合了客观现实的唯一性,却否定了客观现实的多样性。它只是代表了个人在特定历史条件下较为普遍的经济理性,未能代表人的本质,从而不能在更大的时空范围内解释人的经济行为。"经济人"的"自利""利己"是争论的第一个焦点,核心问题指向经济研究是否应该将个人从事经济活动的动机确定为"利己"。现实中的"利己"与"利他"共存表明将"自利"作为唯一动机进行经济研究忽略了其他动机对人经济行为的影响。"理性"是第二个焦点,核心命题在于将"理性经济人"的"最大化行为"作为经济活动主体普遍行为模式是否合适。事实上,利益的最大化目的与利益最大化行为存在矛盾。由此,超越"经济人假设"需要以人的本质作为经济研究的逻辑出发点。经济研究中的人是在特定经济关系中不断进行"直观自我"的个人,是从他人和客观世界的交互运动中通过"直观自我"而不断发展的人。从人的本质出发,超越"经济人假设",需要从实践中确认"人的动机和人的选择理性"的能动性根源,即确认人的实践行为。行为的选择由社会对象化的结果与个人社会化的相互作用所决定,而非经济利益最大化。
[Abstract]:The origin of the argument of "economic man hypothesis" lies in the diversity of human behavior motivation and behavior mode. Although "economic man" hypothesis accords with the uniqueness of objective reality, it negates the diversity of objective reality. It only represents the general economic rationality of the individual under certain historical conditions, and does not represent the essence of human beings, so that it cannot explain human economic behavior in a larger scope of time and space. " The "self-interest" and "self-interest" of economic man are the first focus of the debate, and the core problem is whether economic research should determine the individual's motivation for economic activities as "self-interest". The coexistence of "self-interest" and "altruism" in reality indicates that economic research on "self-interest" as the sole motivation ignores the influence of other motives on human economic behavior. " Rationality is the second focal point, and the core proposition is whether it is appropriate to take the "maximization behavior" of "rational economic man" as the universal behavior mode of economic activity subject. In fact, there are contradictions between the purpose of maximization of interest and the behavior of maximization of interests. Therefore, to transcend the hypothesis of economic man, we need to take human nature as the logical starting point of economic research. The person in the economic research is the individual who constantly carries out the "visual self" in the specific economic relationship, and the person who develops continuously through the "visual self" from the interactive movement of others and the objective world. Starting from the essence of human beings and surpassing the hypothesis of "economic man", it is necessary to confirm the active root of "human motivation and human choice rationality" in practice, that is, to confirm the practical behavior of human beings. The choice of behavior is determined by the interaction between the result of social objectification and individual socialization, rather than the maximization of economic benefits.
【作者单位】：四川大学经济学院;
【分类号】：F014

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