美国铁路经济管制研究与启示

发布时间：2018-01-28 03:53

本文关键词： 经济管制美国铁路变迁价格管制市场准入我国铁路　出处：《北京交通大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国铁路仍旧采取政企合一的经营与管制模式,铁道部既是国务院直属的国家行政部门,又是市场主体,同时还扮演着管制监督主体等多重角色。我国运输行业已进入面建设现代综合交通运输体系的新阶段,铁路政企分不分暴露的问题日益凸显,政企分开势在必行。然而政企分开后我国铁路业的管制将何去何从?美国铁路发展有近200年的历史且对运输业的管制最早形成于美国铁路,因此对美国铁路经济管制进行研究,对我国政企分开后,政府行使对铁路业的管制具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文在对政府管制理论的梳理和相关概念进行界定基础上,通过对美国交通部、美国地面运输委员会等网站及相关文献书籍上的资料、数据的查阅,对美国铁路管制变迁做出总结；再从价格、市场准入、退出等方面具体介绍美国现在铁路管制如何实施；接下来,运用相关理论与模型,从多个角度对美国铁路经济管制模式进行分析总结；再针对我国铁路管制的现状与主要问题,从美国的管制经验对比分析我国的情况,得出借鉴启示。美国铁路的发展史也是美国铁路管制改革的变迁史,美国现已形成了世界上最为发达的铁路网络,其铁路管制法律体系完善、管制机构独立高效。我国政企分开后构建建立适度有效的管制体系,须注重立法且保证管制机构的独立性,并在具体管制实施的时候注重对价格、市场准入等方面要借鉴美国,要坚持在保障公众利益、保证铁路企业获得适当利润与限制铁路垄断间寻找平衡的原则。
[Abstract]:At present, the railway in our country still adopts the management and control mode of the integration of government and enterprise. The Ministry of Railways is not only the administrative department of the State Council directly under the State Council, but also the main body of the market. China's transport industry has entered a new stage of building a modern comprehensive transportation system, and the problems of railway government and enterprises are increasingly exposed. It is imperative to separate government from enterprise. However, where will the regulation of railway industry go after the separation of government and enterprise? American railway development has a history of nearly 200 years and the regulation of the transportation industry was first formed in the United States railway, so the study of American railway economic regulation, after the separation of government and enterprises in China. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the government to exercise the regulation of the railway industry. On the basis of the definition of government regulation theory and related concepts, this paper looks up the information and data on the website of the US Department of Transportation, the United States Terrestrial Transportation Commission and other related literature books. To make the summary to the American railroad control change; Then from the price, market access, withdrawal and other aspects of the specific introduction of the current U. S. railway control how to implement; Then, by using relevant theories and models, this paper analyzes and summarizes the American railway economic regulation model from several angles. In view of the current situation and main problems of railway control in China, the author compares and analyzes the situation of our country from the control experience of the United States, and draws lessons from it. The history of the development of American railway is also the vicissitude of American railway regulation reform. The United States has now formed the most developed railway network in the world, and its railway control legal system is perfect. After the separation of government and enterprises, we must pay attention to legislation and ensure the independence of regulatory agencies, and pay attention to price when implementing specific control. Market access and other aspects should draw lessons from the United States and adhere to the principles of ensuring public interests, ensuring railway enterprises to obtain appropriate profits and restricting railway monopolies to find a balance.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F532;F537.12

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