中国高速公路收费问题的制度分析

发布时间：2018-02-24 11:37

本文关键词： 分税制诱致性制度创新新制度经济学交易成本天价过路费事件　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的道路基础设施建设取得了飞速发展,由于高速公路的准公共产品属性以及建设周期长、投资数额大的特点,政府缺乏足够的资金用于建设和管理。因此多元化融资成为当前高路公路建设的首要问题。现实中,高速公路的制度运行,其主要的方式有三种：第一是由地方交通厅或者交通局出资成立交通公司,通过对全省内的高速公路进行打包经营,集团化运作,以路养路；第二是通过股份制改革,以上市或者其他信用融资的方式在短期内筹集建设资金。第三种方式是通过收费权转让的方式,通过建设—经营—转让的方式利用民营资本或者境外资本实现建设任务。本文通过宏观的制度探讨和微观的案例分析后认为,建国以来“实验主义”的发展模式、改革开放以后实行的分权的财政体制和地方政府以“相对绩效考核”为主的激励晋升体制等产生了地方政府建设高速公路的激励。而收费制度的产生是由地方政府在基于制度成本—收益分析的基础上,借助于制度学习机制,将基层群众的制度创新转化为正式制度。由于存在着较高的经济和政治激励,地方政府官员有巨大的驱动去扩展辖区内的高速公路里程。在当前分税制造成的地方财政建设资金缺乏、高速公路建设不考虑其经营收入而盲目扩张的情况下,作为地方政府组成部门的交通主管部门会借助高速公路所有权保留者的权限提高收费标准、缩短收费间距以此弥补建设资金不足缺口。而作为地方交通建设融资平台的国有控股企业,因其与地方政府的隶属关系,其经营权收益并不能完全内部化,部分经营收益通过企业建立之初即实行的“一路一企、统一经营、统一管理”的模式,将全省高速公路进行统一管理,并借助经营效益较好路段的营业收入来投资建设新的高速公里路段或者维持低效益路段的日常开支。这个收费制度推高了整个社会的物流成本,其外部负效应不仅被每个道路消费者所内部化,而且因此高收费带来的高物价也对全国消费者所分摊。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's road infrastructure has made rapid development, due to the quasi public product of Expressway and long construction period, large amount of investment characteristics, the government lack of sufficient funds for the construction and management. Therefore, the diversification of financing has become the most important problem of current high road construction. In reality, the operation of the system of Expressway and the main three kinds of ways: the first is by the local traffic department or the Department of transportation funded transportation companies, operating through the package in the highway, group operation, road maintenance; second is through the shareholding system reform, listing or other credit financing to raise construction funds in the short term third. Way is through the transfer of toll right, private capital or foreign capital to achieve construction tasks through build operate transfer way.
This paper discusses the system of macro and micro case analysis that, since the founding of "pragmatism" model of development, reform and opening up after the decentralization of the financial system and the local government to the relative performance evaluation based incentive promotion system produced by local government incentives and construction of highway charge system is. The local government system based on cost-benefit analysis, with the aid of system learning mechanism will grassroots innovation into a formal system. Because of the existence of high economic and political incentives, local government officials have a huge drive to expand the highway mileage. Lack of funds within the jurisdiction of the local financial construction of current tax made, highway construction without considering its operating income and blind expansion of the case, as the local government departments in charge of transportation. With the help of the highway department will retain ownership authority to raise the charges, charges in order to shorten the distance make up for lack of construction funds gap. As the local traffic construction financing platform of state-owned enterprises, due to its affiliation with the local government, the operation right of income and can not be completely internalized, part of the business income at the beginning of the establishment of the "a business, a road through the enterprise unified management, unified management" mode, the province's highway unified management, daily expenses and operating efficiency is better with sections of the operating income to invest in the construction of the new high-speed km road or maintain low efficiency sections. The system has pushed up the logistics cost of the whole society, the external negative the effect of each consumer is not only the internal road, and therefore high charge high prices have brought to consumers nationwide share.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F542

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