成网条件下客运专线列车开行方案编制理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 13:04

本文选题：旅客运输　切入点：客运专线　出处：《北京交通大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：旅客列车的开行方案,是确定旅客列车运行区段、列车种类及开行对数的计划。列车开行方案的编制与优化是铁路旅客运输组织中一个很重要的问题。它涉及到铁路既有固定设备和移动设施的合理运用,是否能够最大程度地满足旅客出行需求,属于铁路运输组织中观层面的战术规划问题。尤其是在我国已经将客运专线建设纳入国家重要发展战略规划,客运专线已经大规模建设,部分客运专线已经开通运营的大背景下,列车开行方案的编制与优化成为一个需要迫切解决的实践问题。成网条件下的客运专线列车开行方案是确定客运专线网络各种列车的始发终到车站、运行径路、经停车站、列车等级及编组方案、开行频率以及相互衔接配合等内容的整体性、系统性的运输服务网络设计,涉及相关变量众多,模型结构复杂。本文具体研究工作如下： (1)客运专线运输组织模式分析研究了国外基于路网拓扑结构的高速铁路运输组织模式,对比分析了具有代表性的韩国、法国、日本与德国等发达国家高速铁路运输组织模式的特点,提出了适合于我国成网条件下客运专线运输组织模式的三种方式,即：下线方式、上线方式和换乘方式。对涉及运输组织模式选择的影响因素进行了定性分析,提出应针对不同类型的客运专线采取有所区别的运输组织模式。 (2)客运专线旅客运输需求分析从宏观角度论证了我国铁路客运市场具有市场总量大,客流流向分散,跨线客流比较高等整体特征,对全路主要客运节点间客流交换数据进行了统计与分析,归纳概括了客运专线客流形态特征、客流变化的影响因素以及客流的时空分布特点,研究表明客运专线客流在时间和空间上均存在一定的不均衡性。进一步研究了客流时空分布不均衡性与列车开行方案编制和行车组织的关系,提出了客运专线客流组织必须坚持路网整体性、产品多样性、节拍式运输、换乘便捷性的运输组织原则。 (3)客运专线列车开行方案多目标优化模型通过对客运专线旅客列车开行方案特点的研究,分析了客运专线列车开行的相关成本与费用,从铁路运输企业和旅客两方面利益出发建立了客运专线旅客列车开行方案的多目标优化模型。设计了基于停站方案的列车开行方案生成算法,算法中嵌套了将列车上座率作为优化方向的客流分配方法。通过“起讫点选择—停站方案生成—客流分配—目标值计算—停站方案修改”的迭代计算,完成对列车开行方案多目标优化模型的求解,并对该模型在路网条件下的推广进行了进-步分析与探索。该项研究已在铁道部武广客运专线列车开行方案编制技术的研究中得到了成功的应用。 (4)客运专线列车停站问题研究列车停站方案是编制客运专线列车开行方案时需解决的问题之一。本文构建了基于给定停站方式下的列车开行方案优化模型,借鉴既有线各等级列车的实际停站经验,提出节点重要度的概念,运用灰色关联决策模型和层次分析法,建立客运专线节点重要度评价指标体系,研究了评价指标体系中三个等级节点之间旅客流量的分布特征,通过直达不停站、间隔停站、站站停三种列车停站方式与客流流量、流向属性的匹配,解决了给定停站方式下的列车开行方案的优化问题。 (5)客运专线列车服务网络设计模型与算法客运专线网络由多条功能定位不同、服务区域不同的客运专线相互交错,相互衔接构成。跨线客流的组织与成网条件下列车的开行成为客运专线与既有铁路良好衔接的重要标志。基于线路运营速度,将客运专线分为350km/h,200～250km/h和200km/h既有提速线路三种类型。在建立的列车开行方案多目标优化模型的基础上,根据运输服务网络设计的总体原则和方法,对客流进行离散化处理,基于列车径路通过弧段的不同属性,建立了基于系统总成本最小的客运专线网列车服务网络设计模型。根据目标函数以及约束条件的特点,设计了启发式算(?)行求解,构造了路网条件下一级节点与部份二级节点间的列车开行方案的运输服务网络设计实例。客运专线的大规模修建与持续投入运营,对于加速我国城市化和现代化进程,推进城乡区域统筹优化发展,满足广大城市居民出行具有十分突出的现实意义。工程实践的突飞猛进,需要理论创新和技术集成的有力支撑。成网条件下客运专线列车开行方案的编制与优化,对于推进铁路旅客运输组织理论发展,城市轨道运输组织,综合交通体系构建的理论与技术的发展具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The passenger train plan, is to determine the passenger train section, train type and open a logarithm plan. The establishment and optimization of train plan is a very important problem of railway passenger transport organization. It relates to the rational use of the existing railway fixed equipment and mobile facilities, to maximize passenger travel demand, tactical planning problem belongs to the railway transport organization of the meso level. Especially in our country has been the construction of passenger dedicated line into the planning of national development strategy, has a large-scale construction of passenger dedicated line, the background part of passenger dedicated line has opened operations, scheduling and optimization of train plan has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently.
A passenger train network under the condition of the operation scheme of passenger dedicated line network is to determine the various trains originating end to the station, running route, the train stops, grade and marshalling scheme, operating frequency and integration with the interrelated content, design of transport service network system, involving the related variables, model structure complex.
The specific research work in this paper is as follows:
(1) analysis of transportation organization mode of Passenger Dedicated Line
Study on foreign high-speed railway transport organization mode of network topology based on the comparative analysis of the representative of South Korea, France, Japan and Germany and other developed countries the characteristics of high-speed railway transportation organization mode, put forward suitable for our country in three ways, the transportation organization mode of network conditions: offline mode the on-line mode and transfer mode. The influence factors related to transportation organization mode selection by qualitative analysis, we should take different transportation organization mode for passenger dedicated lines of different types.
(2) passenger transport demand analysis of Passenger Dedicated Line
From a macro point of view demonstrates China's railway passenger transport market is a large amount of traffic flow dispersion, cross line traffic is relatively higher overall characteristics of railway main passenger inter node traffic exchange data statistics and analysis, summed up the passenger flow characteristics, influence factors and changes in the flow of passenger flow distribution characteristics, research that passenger flow exists certain imbalance in time and space. To further study the relationship of passenger flow distribution is not balanced and the train operation plan and traffic organization, the passenger flow organization must adhere to the overall network, product diversity, metronomic transport, transport organization transfer convenience principle.
(3) multi objective optimization model of train opening scheme for Passenger Dedicated Line
Through the study of PDL passenger trains plan characteristics, analysis of the costs associated with the operation of the passenger train lines and costs from the benefit two aspects of railway transport enterprises and departure to establish the multi-objective optimization model of the train scheme of passenger dedicated line. The design scheme of stop train plan generation algorithm based on nested algorithm the assignment method for train attendance as optimization direction. Through the iterative starting point selection scheme generation - stop - flow distribution calculation - stop plan modification calculation, after solving the operation scheme of paired trains multi-objective optimization model, and carries out analysis and exploration step for the promotion of the the model in the network environment. The study has been running technical program in the Ministry of Railways of the PDL has been successfully applied.
(4) research on train stop of Passenger Dedicated Line
The train stop scheme is one of the passenger train establishment operation scheme to solve the problem. This paper constructs a given stop mode of the train plan optimization model based on the actual reference, the railway station stop existing experience, put forward the concept of node important degree, using the grey relational analysis model and AHP method, establish passenger node importance evaluation index system of passenger flow distribution between the three level node evaluation index system, through direct non-stop, interval stop, stop three train stop mode and passenger flow, flow, attributes, solves the problem of optimal operation scheme for a given stop under the train.
(5) train service network design model and algorithm for Passenger Dedicated Line
Passenger dedicated line network is composed of a plurality of different functions, different service areas of passenger dedicated line crossed each other, mutual connection. Cross line passenger flow organization and network under the condition of train has become an important symbol of railway passenger dedicated line and has good convergence. Based on line operating speed, the passenger line is divided into 350km/h, 200 ~ 250km/h both 200km/h and speed lines. Three types of opening in the established multi-objective optimization model based train scheme, according to the general principles and methods of transportation service network design, the passenger flow is discretized, based on the train route through the different attributes of arcs, established passenger train service network network design model based on minimizing the total cost of the system. According to the characteristics of the objective function and constraints, heuristic algorithm is designed for solving the (?), construct a node and part of road network conditions two day An example of the design of the transport service network for the train running scheme between points.
Large-scale construction of passenger dedicated line and continuous operation, to accelerate China's city modernization and promote urban and rural development, optimizing regional co-ordination, meet with very prominent practical significance for the city residents to travel. By engineering practice, theoretical innovation and technological support integration. To prepare and optimize the operation scheme of passenger transport network conditions the train line, to promote the development of railway passenger transport organization theory, city rail transport organization, plays an important role in the development of theory and technology to build a comprehensive transportation system.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U293.1

【参考文献】