我国收费公路问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 00:31

本文选题：收费公路　切入点：乱收费　出处：《浙江财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：建国后，我国落后的公路基础设施虽然已经有了很大改善，但是还是不能满足经济快速发展的需要，尤其在改革开放后，公路对经济发展的瓶颈作用日趋严重，“要想富，先修路”已经成为政者的口号。为了缓解公路的供需矛盾和严重短缺的财政资金，政府出台了“贷款修路，收费还贷”的政策。这之后，中国公路进入飞速发展阶段。截至2011年底，全国已基本建成各等级公路基础设施网，低级乡村公路到高级高速公路都包括。但是随着收费公路的快速发展，近年来收费政策也同时伴随产生了滥收费问题，如收费标准过高、收费站点过多、间隔过密、超期收费等常见的矛盾问题。高昂的收费增加了物流成本，也增加了群众的出行成本，最终限制经济的进一步再发展。因此社会对其不满的声音越来越强烈，对收费公路改革的呼声也越来越高，甚至发生打砸收费站等恶性事件，收费公路的种种问题已经成为社会各界关注的热点问题。本研究从收费公路的准公共物品属性、收费公路的历史由来和发展入手，透过收费公路存在的种种问题，利用政府管制理论和治理理论深入分析研究，找出真正原因所在，最后提出可行性的政策建议。目前我国收费公路存在的主要问题的有：收费标准高、收费标准混乱，没有一个统一的收费标准；国有收费还贷型收费公路转为经营型收费的过程中国有资产流失严重，，同时收费公路的的收费被挪用严重；收费公路企业利润高等等。导致这些问题的原因有许多但是最主要的有如下几方面：收费公路法律不健全；政府管理体制存在严重缺陷，融资比例过高；政府私利性作祟，单纯的追求政绩和利润；监管错位。要解决这些问题，本文提出了比较新颖的观点就是要慢慢回归收费公路的公共物品属性，并且给出了具体可行的方法建议。主要有下面几方面：健全收费公路法律体系；恢复公共性、统筹兼顾、严格控制收费公路的总量；提高公共财政支付比例、缩减运营成本；依据治理理论引入多方参与收费公路的管理，对收费公路企业实行严格的政府管制，如价格标准管制；同时根据地方政府的财政实力适度回购部分的收费经营性公路，免费对公众开放。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the people's Republic of China, although the backward highway infrastructure in our country has been greatly improved, it still cannot meet the needs of rapid economic development. Especially after the reform and opening up, the bottleneck of highway to economic development has become increasingly serious. "want to be rich,"Building roads first has become the slogan of politicians.In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of highway and the serious shortage of financial funds, the government has issued the policy of "building roads with loans and paying back loans for fees".After this, the Chinese highway enters the rapid development stage.By the end of 2011, the national highway infrastructure network has been basically completed, including low-grade rural roads to high-grade highways.However, with the rapid development of toll roads, in recent years, the charging policy has also been accompanied by excessive charges, such as excessive charging standards, too many toll stations, overcrowded intervals, excessive charges, and other common contradictions.High charges increase logistics costs and travel costs, ultimately limiting further economic growth.Therefore, the voice of social dissatisfaction is becoming stronger and stronger, and the voice of toll road reform is becoming higher and higher. Even the vicious incidents such as smashing toll stations have become a hot issue of all circles of the society.This research starts from the quasi-public goods attribute of toll road, the history and development of toll road, through the various problems existing in toll road, makes use of the theory of government control and the theory of governance, and finds out the real reason.Finally, some feasible policy suggestions are put forward.At present, the main problems of toll roads in our country are: high charging standard, chaotic toll standard, no unified toll standard, serious loss of state-owned assets during the process of state-owned toll road with loan repayment type being converted to operating type toll collection.At the same time, the toll road charge is misappropriated seriously; toll road enterprise profit is high and so on.There are many reasons for these problems but the main ones are as follows: the law of toll road is not perfect; the government management system has serious defects and the proportion of financing is too high;Regulatory dislocation.In order to solve these problems, this paper puts forward a relatively new point of view is to slowly return to the public goods attribute of toll roads, and gives concrete and feasible methods and suggestions.The main aspects are as follows: perfecting the legal system of toll roads, restoring publicity, making overall plans, strictly controlling the total amount of toll roads, increasing the proportion of public finance payment and reducing the operating costs;According to the governance theory, we introduce multi-party participation in the management of toll roads, implement strict government control on toll road enterprises, such as price standard control, and at the same time, according to the financial strength of local governments, appropriate repurchase of part of the toll roads,Free to the public.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F542

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