基于机组人为因素分析的东航飞行安全风险防控及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 01:07

本文选题：飞行机组　切入点：人为因素　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代民航飞机制造技术突飞猛进的发展,现代民航飞机几乎集所有的高科技于一身,飞机自身性能及运行环境的软、硬件的安全性、可靠性日趋完善,民航运输安全系数越来越高,相对于其他交通工具而言,民航运输不仅快捷、舒适、高效,也是最安全的。但与此同时,在世界范围内,由于飞行机组人为因素导致的严重差错、事故征候甚至重大飞行事故却时有发生,给旅客生命财产安全造成了巨大的损失。东航是中国民航三大航空运输集团之一,近年来在安全、服务和效益上取得了令人瞩目的成绩,目前,正在努力实现转型发展,朝着打造“中国服务最好、管理最精细、枢纽网络型、具有全球竞争力的航空公司”的目标迈进。东航提出“安全是根”的口号,表明安全是东航永恒的主题和永续健康科学发展的生命线。东航要顺利实现既定的战略目标,为经济社会发展做出更大的贡献,就要通过加强包括人为因素在内的飞行安全管理,为持续飞行安全打下扎实的基础。飞行机组是保证飞行安全最重要、最关键的环节,据国际航空运输协会(IATA)的统计,有80%的民航飞行事故是由于飞行机组人为因素造成的。本文通过对飞行机组人为因素形成的主、客体诸要件分析,从高空环境、飞行职业的特殊性,独有的心理、压力、应激、疲劳对飞行机组如何导致差错的影响,情绪、心理、态度和工作环境对形成人为差错在认知上、判断上失误的影响,以及纪律作风和文化因素对形成人为失误的潜移默化的影响等方面,对影响飞行机组的人为因素进行了全面深入的分析和研究。基于对飞行机组人为因素形成的诸要件分析,本论文对东航飞行机组人为原因导致差错的风险管理进行了设想,对飞行机组不安全事件主要问题类型进行了分类,并对人为原因造成的东航几种易发的不安全事件进行了略析。在此基础上,通过剖析两起国外重大民航事故前后缘由,对人为原因导致飞行事故作了实证研究。最后,从东航飞行训练现状、机组资源管理中的问题、机组疲劳风险管理的缺乏、机组人工排班中的问题、飞行人员心理健康维护问题以及安全文化和道德作风建设等方面,提出了有针对性的东航飞行机组人为因素飞行安全风险应对举措。本论文的研究对东航提高机组飞行安全品质,提高飞行安全管理水平,实现东航持续安全,具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern civil aviation aircraft manufacturing technology, modern civil aviation aircraft almost all the high-tech in one, the performance of the aircraft and the operating environment of the software, hardware and security, reliability is becoming more and more perfect.Compared with other means of transportation, civil aviation transportation is not only fast, comfortable, efficient, but also the safest.But at the same time, in the world, due to the serious errors caused by the flight crew human factors, the accident symptoms and even major flight accidents occur from time to time, causing huge losses to the safety of passengers' lives and property.China Eastern Airlines is one of the three major air transport groups of China Civil Aviation. In recent years, it has made remarkable achievements in safety, service and efficiency. At present, it is working hard to realize the transformation and development, towards creating "China has the best service and the most sophisticated management."Hub network, with global competitiveness of airlines "goal stride forward."China Eastern Airlines put forward the slogan "Safety is the root", which shows that safety is the eternal theme of China Eastern Airlines and the lifeline of sustainable and healthy scientific development.In order to realize the established strategic goal smoothly and make greater contribution to the economic and social development, China Eastern Airlines must strengthen the flight safety management, including human factors, and lay a solid foundation for the continuous flight safety.Flight crew is the most important and key link to ensure flight safety. According to the statistics of International Air Transport Association (IATAA), 80% of civil aviation accidents are caused by human factors of flight crew.Based on the analysis of the elements of the subject and the object formed by the human factors of the flight crew, from the high altitude environment, the particularity of the flying occupation, the unique psychological, pressure, stress and fatigue, the influence of the flight crew on how to lead to the error, the emotion, the psychology,The influence of attitude and work environment on the formation of human error in cognition and judgment, as well as the influence of disciplinary style and cultural factors on the formation of human error,The human factors affecting the flight crew were thoroughly analyzed and studied.Based on the analysis of the elements of the formation of the human factors of the flight crew, this paper conceives the risk management of the errors caused by the man-made causes of the flight crew of China Eastern Airlines, and classifies the main problem types of the unsafe incidents of the flight crew.And some vulnerable unsafe incidents of China Eastern Airlines caused by human causes are briefly analyzed.On this basis, through analyzing the causes of two major foreign civil aviation accidents, this paper makes an empirical study on the man-made causes of flight accidents.Finally, from the status quo of flight training in China Eastern Airlines, the problems in crew resource management, the lack of crew fatigue risk management, the problems in crew manual scheduling, the maintenance of flight personnel's mental health, and the construction of safety culture and moral style, etc.The measures to deal with the flight safety risk of the flight crew of China Eastern Airlines are put forward.The research in this paper has certain theoretical and practical significance for China Eastern Airlines to improve flight safety quality, improve flight safety management level and realize China Eastern Airlines' continuous safety.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F562.6;F272.92

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