城市轨道交通线路票价策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 23:10

本文选题：城市轨道交通线路 + 票价策略　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：票价策略是城市轨道交通经营定位决策的重要组成部分,是吸引客流和取得适当客流市场份额的关键因素,对城市轨道交通的经营状况和竞争能力起到决定性的作用。因此,结合运营服务水平合理制定票价,对充分发挥城市轨道交通的作用,实现城市轨道交通的健康发展具有非常重要的现实意义。本文首先对国内外城市轨道交通发展和票价策略的现状进行分析,指出了票价策略制定对于城市轨道交通规划、运营和发展的重要意义和作用。将城市轨道交通票价策略划分为票制方案和票价水平两部分,票制方案包括单一票制、计程票制和计站票制等,对票价策略的优化目标、影响因素和经济学原理进行了分析。提出了基于客流弹性需求下运营企业的列车开行决策,建立了以包含客流需求和运营效益的社会利益最大化为目标函数的轨道交通线路票价策略模型,对各种票制下的票价策略优化进行了全面考虑。模型体现了轨道交通客流需求与运营服务水平和票价水平等因素构成的乘客广义出行费用之间的关系,并在模型中采用运营企业的服务水平刻画列车开行频率。根据模型特点,设计了模拟退火算法求解。以长沙地铁2号线为例,计算得出了单一票制、按里程计价票制和按跨越站数计价票制的最优票价水平,并以此为基础给出了实用票价策略,对开行间隔等因素进行了敏感性分析。最后,建立了城市轨道交通票价策略评价体系,评价指标涵盖了运营企业、乘客和社会整体利益三个方面,分析评价了不同票制下的最优票价水平,并通过与国内其他城市的横向比较,给出了长沙地铁2号线运营初期的建议性票价方案。文章对城市轨道交通票价策略的研究,为城市轨道交通运营可持续发展和管理政策的制定提供了决策支持。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: ticket price strategy is an important part of the positioning decision of urban rail transit. It is the key factor to attract the passenger flow and obtain the appropriate market share of the passenger flow. It plays a decisive role in the management and competitiveness of the urban rail transit. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to make a reasonable fare in combination with the level of operation and service to give full play to the role of urban rail transit and to realize the healthy development of urban rail transit. This paper first analyzes the current situation of urban rail transit development and ticket price strategy at home and abroad, and points out the significance and function of ticket price strategy formulation for urban rail transit planning, operation and development. The ticket price strategy of urban rail transit is divided into two parts: ticket system scheme and ticket price level. The ticket system includes single ticket system, meter ticket system and counting station ticket system. The optimization objectives, influencing factors and economic principles of ticket price strategy are analyzed. This paper puts forward the decision making of train operation based on the flexible demand of passenger flow, and establishes the model of rail transit fare strategy, which takes the maximization of social benefit including passenger flow demand and operation benefit as the objective function. The optimization of ticket price strategy under various ticket systems is considered comprehensively. The model reflects the relationship between the passenger demand of rail transit and the general travel expenses of passengers such as service level and ticket price level. In the model, the service level of the operation enterprise is used to describe the frequency of train running. According to the characteristics of the model, the simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Taking Changsha Metro Line 2 as an example, the optimal fare level of single ticket system, mileage based ticketing system and counting ticket system based on the number of crossing stations is calculated. Based on this, the practical fare strategy is given. Sensitivity analysis of factors such as opening interval was carried out. Finally, the evaluation system of urban rail transit ticket price strategy is established. The evaluation index covers three aspects of the operating enterprise, passengers and the overall interests of the society, and analyzes and evaluates the optimal fare level under different ticket systems. Based on the horizontal comparison with other cities in China, the proposed fare scheme of Changsha Metro Line 2 at the beginning of operation is given. In this paper, the study of urban rail transit ticket price strategy provides decision support for the sustainable development of urban rail transit operation and the formulation of management policy.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F570.5;U293

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