城市公交特许经营中的行政补贴机制初探

发布时间：2018-05-08 22:32

本文选题：城市公交 + 特许经营　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市公共交通属于城市公用事业,提供的是公共服务。在市场化改革的浪潮下,我国的城市公交企业开始了特许经营制度的改革。城市公交特许经营的企业既是生产企业又含有公益性质,由于低票价的管制和所承担的公益性指令等任务,城市公交特许企业存在政策性亏损。为了保证公交特许企业的正常运营,维护市民的出行任务,政府需要对公交企业的政策性亏损进行行政补贴。在我国现有的公交补贴机制下,由于行政补贴法律制度的不健全,导致了补贴效果不明显。因此,城市公共交通行政补贴机制的设计成为现阶段城市公共交通发展中的重点问题。文章的第一部分介绍了公交特许经营改革的兴起,以十堰市的公交特许改革为例,指出了我国现行城市公交特许经营中行政补贴机制的不完善是导致公交特许经营改革失败的一个重要的原因。文章的第二部分分析了行政补贴的内涵以及城市公共交通特许经营中行政补贴的理论基础,认为规制性征收理论是城市公交特许经营者获得行政补贴的理论基础,基于对特许权人财产利益的保护,应当对其进行行政补贴。文章的第三部分从北京、深圳和南京的现行城市公交行政补贴实践入手,指出了我国现阶段城市公交行政补贴中存在的补贴法律层级过低、补贴的提供对象狭窄、补贴的形式过于单一、补贴的程序不够统一明确、补贴的标准不利于权利人的保护以及补贴的法律救济中缺乏给付诉讼的规定等问题。然后在借鉴了其他国家和地区城市公交特许经营中的行政补贴制度的先进经验的基础之上,提出了我国城市公交特许经营中的行政补贴法律制度的完善建议：提出要从法律法规的层面上对行政补贴的实体权利和程序作出具体的规定、要建立完善的特许经营准入制度、扩大行政补贴的形式、建立统一完备的补贴程序、以完全补贴为标准对特许权人进行补贴以及在行政诉讼中引入给付诉讼的内容这些方面来完善目前的城市公交特许经营中的行政补贴制度。
[Abstract]:Urban public transport belongs to urban public utilities and provides public services. In the tide of market-oriented reform, urban transit enterprises in China began the reform of franchise management system. The enterprise of urban public transport franchise is not only a production enterprise but also a commonweal enterprise. Due to the control of low fares and the tasks of public welfare, the urban public transport concession enterprise has policy losses. In order to ensure the normal operation of public transport concession enterprises and maintain the public travel tasks, the government needs to carry out administrative subsidies to the policy losses of public transport enterprises. Under the existing public transport subsidy mechanism in our country, the effect of subsidy is not obvious because the legal system of administrative subsidy is not perfect. Therefore, the design of administrative subsidy mechanism of urban public transport has become a key issue in the development of urban public transport. The first part of the article introduces the rise of public transport franchise reform, taking Shiyan city as an example. It is pointed out that the imperfection of the administrative subsidy mechanism in the current urban public transport franchise is an important reason for the failure of the reform of the public transport franchise. The second part of the article analyzes the connotation of administrative subsidies and the theoretical basis of administrative subsidies in urban public transport franchising, and holds that the theory of regulatory expropriation is the theoretical basis for urban public transport franchisees to obtain administrative subsidies. Based on the protection of the property interests of the concessionaire, administrative subsidies should be made to them. The third part of the article starts with the current practice of urban transit administrative subsidy in Beijing, Shenzhen and Nanjing, and points out that the legal level of subsidy is too low and the object of subsidy is narrow. The form of subsidy is too single, the procedure of subsidy is not uniform and clear, the standard of subsidy is not conducive to the protection of the obligee and the stipulation of litigation of payment is lacking in the legal relief of subsidy. Then, on the basis of learning from the advanced experience of the administrative subsidy system in the urban public transport franchise in other countries and regions, This paper puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the legal system of administrative subsidy in the course of urban public transport franchise in our country. It puts forward that the substantive rights and procedures of administrative subsidy should be specified from the level of laws and regulations, and that a perfect admission system of franchise should be established. To expand the form of administrative subsidies and establish a unified and complete subsidy procedure, In order to perfect the current administrative subsidy system of urban public transport franchise, the concessionaire is subsidized according to the standard of complete subsidy and the content of payment lawsuit is introduced into the administrative litigation.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.1;F572

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