民航普遍服务体系构建与应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 05:45

本文选题：民用航空 + 普遍服务　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：民航普遍服务（Universal Air Service）是实现民航大众化目标的重要基础，其核心内容是综合运用政策、机制以及制度安排解决偏远和欠发达地区民航服务缺失的问题。本论文分析了民航普遍服务的历史发展和最新研究成果；从基本概念和体系构成等方面深入阐述，为我国开展民航普遍服务提供理论依据。本论文分析和论述了民航普遍服务基本理论问题，重点研究了构成民航普遍服务体系的三个方面主要内容：服务范围、服务水平和服务机制，为研究出台我国民航普遍服务相应政策奠定基础。针对民航普遍服务基本理论问题，从普遍服务本质出发，通过对比不同产业普遍服务概念和国外民航普遍服务发展实践，采用比较、归纳和演绎的方法，系统提出了民航普遍服务概念的内涵和外延；阐述了民航普遍服务的基本特征和主要功能；在此基础上，分析服务范围、水平和机制三个构成民航普遍服务体系的核心问题；最后详细论述了民航普遍服务的理论基础。针对民航普遍服务范围问题，建立了服务范围机场选点和航线节点选择评价指标体系；使用变精度粗糙集综合评价方法，确定政府拟资助的普遍服务机场和航线节点排序；基于粗糙集评价排序的结论，利用设施布局优化理论，建立最大覆盖模型，设计拉格朗日算法求解模型，并以新疆地区为例进行算例分析。结论表明，提出将综合评价和布局优化结合的方法，能兼顾公平与效率的目标，统筹人口覆盖、资源分布和现实需求等因素，求得满足目标需求的优化方案。针对民航普遍服务水平问题，为解决航班频率、票价和座位数三个服务水平变量的整体优化，引入了单元体理论，根据问题特征，建立民航普遍服务水平单元体模型；设计了改进粒子群算法求解模型，并以新疆地区为例进行算例分析。结论表明，在政府价格和准入规制的前提下，以普遍服务运营收益最大为目标建立模型，能较好地兼顾市场需求、企业运营和政府监管的目标，得到满足实际需求的优化方案；同时，从设计算法的求解效率看，改进的粒子群算法用于求解此类NP复杂难问题较之标准粒子群算法，兼具运算效率和精度优势。民航普遍服务机制问题包括补偿机制和保障机制等方面。针对补偿机制问题，分析了民航普遍服务补偿的经济学原理，在对比不同产业普遍服务补偿经验基础上，，提出了民航普遍服务补偿模式；采用基于委托代理理论的成本补偿分析模型，提出两种成本补偿标准计算方法；统筹考虑服务范围、服务水平、公平和效率等因素，建立了多目标补贴优化模型，最后以新疆地区为例进行算例分析。结论表明，提出以普遍服务基金为基础的成本补偿模型、补偿标准计算以及与多目标优化相结合的方法体系，能合理分配补贴资金，实现范围、水平和补贴资金的优化配置。针对保障机制问题，从法律、制度、组织、技术和人才五方面阐述，结合对我国民航普遍服务发展现状和存在问题的分析，提出相关政策建议。本文较系统地研究了民航普遍服务理论，弥补了国内该研究方向上的不足，从对新疆地区的实证研究可知，本文提出的民航普遍服务理论和方法体系有很强的实际应用价值，不但有利于拓展产业普遍服务理论，而且有助于我国民航普遍服务的实践应用，具有一定的社会效益。
[Abstract]:Civil aviation universal service (Universal Air Service) is an important basis for achieving the goal of civil aviation popularization, its core content is the comprehensive use of policies, mechanisms and institutional arrangements to solve the problem of the lack of civil aviation services in remote and underdeveloped areas. This paper analyzes the historical development of civil aviation universal service and the latest research results. System composition and other aspects are expounded, providing theoretical basis for China's civil aviation universal service.
This paper analyzes and discusses the basic theoretical problems of civil aviation universal service, and focuses on the main contents of the three aspects of the general service system of civil aviation: service scope, service level and service mechanism, which lays the foundation for the research and introduction of the relevant policies of the general service of civil aviation in China.
According to the basic theory of general service of civil aviation, starting from the essence of universal service, by comparing the general service concept of different industries and the development practice of general service of foreign civil aviation, the connotation and extension of the general service concept of civil aviation are systematically put forward by comparison, induction and deduction, and the basic characteristics and main characteristics of civil aviation universal service are expounded. On the basis of this, the paper analyzes the three core issues of the general service system of civil aviation, the scope of service, the level and the mechanism. Finally, the theoretical basis of the general service of civil aviation is discussed in detail.
In view of the general service scope of civil aviation, the selection and evaluation index system of the service scope and the route node are established, and the comprehensive evaluation method of the variable precision rough set is used to determine the general service airport and route node sort by the government. Based on the conclusion of the rough set evaluation, the optimal theory of facility layout is used to establish the most common service. The large cover model is designed to solve the model of Lagrange algorithm, and the example of Xinjiang area is taken as an example. The conclusion shows that the combination of comprehensive evaluation and layout optimization can take into account the goals of fairness and efficiency, overall population coverage, resource distribution and actual needs, and get the optimization scheme to meet the requirements of the target.
In order to solve the general service level of civil aviation, in order to solve the overall optimization of flight frequency, ticket price and seat number, the unit body theory is introduced. According to the characteristics of the problem, the general service level unit model of civil aviation is set up. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed, and the example of Xinjiang area is taken as an example. On the premise of government price and admittance regulation, a model is set up on the basis of the maximum profit of universal service operation. It can give a better consideration to the market demand, the enterprise operation and the government supervision, and get the optimization scheme to meet the actual demand. At the same time, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve this problem from the efficiency of the design algorithm. Compared to standard particle swarm optimization, complex NP like problems have both operational efficiency and accuracy advantages.
The general service mechanism of civil aviation includes the compensation mechanism and the guarantee mechanism. In view of the compensation mechanism, the economic principle of civil aviation universal service compensation is analyzed. On the basis of the general service compensation experience of different industries, the general service compensation model of civil aviation is put forward, and the cost compensation analysis based on the principal-agent theory is adopted. Two kinds of cost compensation standard calculation methods are put forward, and the multi-objective subsidy optimization model is established by considering the service scope, service level, fairness and efficiency. Finally, the example of Xinjiang area is taken as an example. The conclusion shows that the cost compensation model based on the universal service fund, the calculation of compensation standard and the more and more of the compensation standards are put forward. The method system combining target optimization can rationally allocate the subsidy funds, realize the scope, level and the optimal allocation of subsidy funds. In view of the problems of the guarantee mechanism, from the five aspects of law, system, organization, technology and talent, it combines the analysis of the current status and existing problems of the general service development of civil aviation in China, and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.
This paper systematically studies the general service theory of civil aviation, and makes up for the shortage of the research direction in China. From the empirical study of Xinjiang area, it can be found that the general service theory and method system of civil aviation is of great practical value. It is beneficial not only to expand the theory of industry universal service, but also to civil aviation in China. The practical application of service has certain social benefits.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F562

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