电动交通在中国的现状和未来

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:38

本文选题：电动交通 + 中国　；参考：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：此研究生论文为“中国学”项目的一部分。论文长度应为10,000至12,000字。在全球电动交通发展的背景下,中国政府正努力成为这一技术的佼佼者。中国在这一方面的投资相当客观,因此也成为了许多国际汽车制造商的测试点。在中国,相关的讨论以及质疑远远比欧洲国家少得多。电动车的发展将有助于提升中国能源安全；同时减少中国对进口石油的依赖。2009年,中国52%的石油为进口。石油峰值、高油价以及中国日益膨胀的交通使得电动交通不再可有可无。交通领域最为依赖石油。如今需大力解决的问题为：建立适当的充电基础设施以及一个在电动车政府补贴停止后依然具有吸引力的商业模式。因此,必须构建一个完整的生态系统以及能自我维持、盈利的电动产业。想要通过在这一领域的技术领先在出口上获得成功,中国还需努力达到国际上的相关标准和规定。此外,另一个亟待研究的问题为,如何确保电池安全以及如何处置废旧电池。在民主国家发展较为困难的电动汽车项目,由于其政策和发展目的的特殊性,非常符合中国模式,因此也有了一个良好的开端。但是,在电动汽车补贴政策结束后,说服消费者购买价格较高的电动汽车将受阻。同时,中国也将需要为内燃发动机汽车和系能源汽车构建双重策略,这也会是一个巨大的挑战。在西方国家,政府会在电动技术成熟后,支持且应用电动汽车；而在中国,政府会在支持原有汽油技术同时鼓励电动汽车的发展。此外,任务复杂、管理程序战略不同;观察中国如何发展这个项目很有意义。目前中国电动车的发展万分迅速。配合中国智能电网发展的优势以及大量可再生能源,中国在电动车发展上将有很大的飞跃。中国的电动自行车产业尤为有意思。此行业已高度发展；拥有用大量的制造商和供应商；其销量更是每年指数般增长。在中国,一场电动革命正在进行着,但是并不是电动汽车。电动革命从低价交通工具到高价交通工具,进入市场的方向是从下至上的。可以总结,电动自行车行业在中国和外国是被低估的。其出口潜力比想象得更大。中国电动自行车品牌的缺少以及低质量的坏名声这两个问题很容易克服。最大的问题是：因不了解西方市场、西方人思想方式,而缺失的生产高质量出口产品的意识：当然,这并不是生产能力的问题。本文中一研究表示：大部分的电动自行车公司的市场战略非常不成功,它们低质量的网站即是一个说明：网站上呈现的图片比实际产品差很多。更好地了解西方人的思维方式将十分有助。中国的电池电机产业在国际上较为先进,供应商和制造商的模块化方式在国际上领先。但根据预测,此行业中将会有大量的合并,公司会变少、更多大公司会出现。氢燃料电池汽车将是中国政府的长远目标。但由于对整个高新技术产业的高要求,此技术对中国来说很困难。氢基生态系统也因为全国性高新技术产业的缺失而无法实现。因此,氢燃料加油站在上海建造将比在欧洲建造更昂贵。不过,中国很迫切发展氢技术并长期资助着相关项目,中国将继续这条道路。当今,全人类最大的技术挑战为从矿物燃料到再生能源的转换,包括交通领域。由于气候变化,有限的矿物燃料以及石油峰值,改变是当务之急。在不久的将来,中国将成为一个非常重要的经济体,其消耗大量能源；同时,鉴于中国政府在此领域的雄心,作者建议,在新期“中国学”项目中安排“电动车-再生资源”这一课程。
[Abstract]:This Postgraduate paper is part of the "China study" project. The length of the thesis should be between 10000 and 12000 words.
In the context of global electric traffic development, the Chinese government is striving to be a leader in this technology. China's investment in this area is quite objective, so it has also become a test point for many international auto makers. In China, the discussion and question are far less than that of the European countries. The development of electric vehicles will help to improve. China's energy security; while reducing China's dependence on imported oil in.2009 years, China imports 52% of its oil. Peak oil, high oil prices, and China's growing traffic have made electric traffic no longer dispensable. Transportation is the most dependent on oil.
The problems to be solved are to build an appropriate charging infrastructure and a business model that is still attractive after the government's subsidy is stopped. Therefore, we must build a complete ecosystem and a self sustained, profitable electric industry. As a result, China needs to work hard to meet international standards and regulations. In addition, another question to be studied is how to ensure the safety of the battery and how to deal with the waste batteries. The more difficult electric vehicle projects in the democratic country are in accordance with the Chinese model because of the particularity of their policies and development objectives. A good start. But, after the end of the electric car subsidy policy, persuading consumers to buy higher priced electric cars will be blocked. China will also need to build dual strategies for internal combustion engines and energy vehicles, which will also be a huge challenge. In the west, the government will mature after the technology is mature, Support and use electric vehicles; in China, the government will encourage the development of the original gasoline technology and encourage the development of electric vehicles. In addition, the task is complex and the management process strategy is different; it is very meaningful to observe how China develops this project.
At present, the development of electric vehicles in China has been developing rapidly. With the advantages of the development of China's smart grid and a large number of renewable energy, China will have a great leap in the development of electric vehicles.
China's electric bicycle industry is particularly interesting. The industry has developed highly; it has a large number of manufacturers and suppliers; its sales are growing exponentially every year. In China, an electric revolution is in progress, but not electric cars. The electric revolution is from low priced vehicles to high priced vehicles, into the market. It can be concluded. It can be concluded that the electric bicycle industry is undervalued in China and abroad. Its export potential is more than imagined. The two problems of the lack of Chinese electric bicycle brand and the low quality bad reputation are easy to overcome. The biggest problem is the lack of understanding the western market, the way of Westerners, and the missing. Awareness of the production of high quality exports: of course, this is not a problem of productivity. In this paper, a study in this paper says that most of the Electric Bicycle Co market strategies are very unsuccessful, and their low quality websites are a description: the pictures on the website are much worse than the actual products. Better understand the thinking of the westerners. It will be helpful. China's battery motor industry is more advanced internationally, and the modular approach of suppliers and manufacturers lead internationally. But according to the forecast, there will be a lot of mergers in the industry, and the companies will be less and more large companies will appear.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be a long-term goal for the Chinese government. But because of the high demand for the high and new technology industry, the technology is difficult for China. The hydrogen based ecosystem is also impossible to achieve because of the lack of national high-tech industries. Therefore, the construction of hydrogen fuel gas stations in Shanghai will be more expensive than in Europe. China is in urgent need of developing hydrogen technology and supporting related projects for a long time. China will continue this road.
Today, the biggest technological challenge for all human beings is the transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy, including transportation. Climate change, limited fossil fuels and peak oil are the top priority. In the near future China will become a very important economy, which consumes a large amount of energy; meanwhile, in view of the Chinese government, The ambition of this field is that the author suggests arranging "electric vehicle renewable resources" course in the new China study project.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F426.471;F572

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