我国简政放权背景下的海事现场监管规范化研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:35

本文选题：简政放权 + 行政介入　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：十八大以来,党中央和国务院推进行政体制改革和行政职能转变的决心和力度越来越大,“简政放权”成为新一轮行政体制改革和行政职能转变的主题词。简政放权,并不是简单的下放或取消一部分行政权力,也不是简单的机构与部门之间权力的新一轮排列组合,而是行政执法思维、方式和习惯的大调整、大变革,是提高政府现代治理能力的关键举措。在简政放权新常态下,执法部门的工作重心正从事前审批向事中、事后监管转变,而事中、事后监管基本都属于现场监管的范畴。由于现场监管内容繁杂,且我国当前缺乏现场监管方面的立法,国内各执法部门均未建立系统有效的现场监管模式。有关行政海事现场监管理论认识不足和立法上的空白导致实际操作过程中无法可依、监管依据不明确,极易引发监管缺位、履职不到位等情形;有关海事现场监管制度的缺位也可能导致现场监管的自由裁量权过大,容易引发诸多执法不规范问题,如滥用职权、程序不合法等。理论界对于海事现场监管的研究严重不足,已经制约了海事现场监管的实施与发展。本文在大量阅读文献的基础之上,首先对行政监管进行了“现场”与“非现场”的分类,从理论层面明确提出了“海事现场监管”的概念。通过探究我国简政放权的理论意涵,得出简政放权对行政监管及现场监管的本质要求即在减少政府对市场干预的基础上提高行政监管的效能。系统分析了简政放权背景下,传统模式下海事现场监管工作存在的问题,并进行了原因分析。基于对减少市场干预的本质要求的考量,本文以“行政介入度”的公共管理学理论,在对海事现场监管行为要素及其对海事监管对象生产经营活动的行政介入程度的系统梳理后,将海事现场监管行为按照介入程度从低到高细分为现场巡视、现场监督、现场检查,并以此为基础提出了简政放权背景下海事现场监管的基本框架;并结合依法行政理论以及规范化的研究要求,基于前述框架,就海事现场监管的基础理论、运转模式以及监管行为提出了规范化建设的相关建议。基于对提高行政监管的效能的考量,本文对现场监管规范化运行的保障机制进行了设计,明确了四级海事管理机构的现场监管责任,提出了健全完善风险预控保障体系的已建议、科学设定现场监管制度的设计思路,以及运用治理思维促进海事现场监管制度创新的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the determination and strength of promoting the reform of the administrative system and the transformation of the administrative functions have become increasingly strong, and "streamlining the administration and devolving power" has become the main theme of the new round of reform of the administrative system and the transformation of the administrative functions. To simplify administrative decentralization is not to simply decentralize or abolish some administrative powers, nor is it a new round of arrangement and combination of powers between simple institutions and departments, but a major change in the thinking, ways and habits of administrative law enforcement. It is a key measure to improve the government's ability of modern governance. Under the new normal condition, the focus of the work of the law enforcement departments is changing from the prior examination and approval to the post-supervision, and in the event, the post-supervision basically belongs to the category of on-site supervision. Because of the complex content of on-site supervision and the lack of legislation on on-site supervision in our country, all the domestic law enforcement departments have not established a systematic and effective on-site supervision model. The lack of understanding of the theory of administrative and maritime on-site supervision and the lack of legislation lead to the actual operation process can not be followed, the regulatory basis is not clear, it is easy to lead to the absence of supervision, not in place to carry out duties and so on. The absence of the maritime spot supervision system may also lead to too much discretion in the field supervision, which can easily lead to many problems of law enforcement, such as abuse of power, illegal procedure, etc. The research on maritime spot supervision has been seriously inadequate, which has restricted the implementation and development of maritime spot supervision. On the basis of reading a large number of literatures, this paper first classifies administrative supervision into "on-site" and "off-site", and puts forward the concept of "maritime on-site supervision" from the theoretical level. By exploring the theoretical implications of decentralization in China, it is concluded that the essential requirement of administrative supervision and on-site supervision is to improve the effectiveness of administrative supervision on the basis of reducing government intervention in the market. This paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in maritime spot supervision under the background of simplified administration and decentralization, and analyzes the reasons. Based on the consideration of the essential requirements of reducing market intervention, this paper uses the public management theory of "administrative intervention". After systematically combing the elements of maritime on-site supervision behavior and the degree of administrative intervention to the production and management activities of maritime supervision object, the maritime on-site supervision behavior is subdivided into on-site inspection according to the degree of intervention from low to high, and on-site supervision, On the basis of on-site inspection, this paper puts forward the basic framework of maritime on-site supervision under the background of simplified administration and decentralization, and combines with the theory of administration according to law and the standardized research requirements, based on the above-mentioned framework, the basic theory of maritime on-site supervision is discussed. The operation mode and the supervision behavior put forward the related suggestion of the standardization construction. Based on the consideration of improving the efficiency of administrative supervision, this paper designs the guarantee mechanism for the standardized operation of on-site supervision, and clarifies the on-site supervision responsibility of the four levels of maritime administrations. The paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the system of risk pre-control and guarantee, to set up the design idea of the on-site supervision system scientifically, and to apply the thinking of governance to promote the innovation of the maritime on-site supervision system.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F552

【参考文献】