现代海港演化对城市发展的地域空间效应

  本文关键词：现代海港演化对城市发展的地域空间效应——以大连为例，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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摘要：

港口是一类地理空间，更是一种经济系统。现代海港的功能已由最初的海洋运输演变为国际物流中心节点和全球资源配置枢纽。港口空间作为一种极化区域，，在实现自身空间成长的同时，对其直接腹地——港口城市产生了巨大的地域空间作用，并成为所在城市空间重塑的基本力量。作为“以港立市、以港兴市”的典型代表，大连城市发展与海港演化息息相关。自开埠以来的100 多年里，大连港城发展历史浓缩了中国近现代港口经济发展的全过程，见证了港城关系发展的全貌。结合大连港城发展的实证研究，将港与城的地域空间关系放入多维度空间框架之下，紧紧抓住“过程—机理—格局”之间的作用传递关系，考察海港演化在城市尺度的地域空间效应。研究结果显示，海港交通区位势能的产生、巩固并不断强化，是海港演化对城市产生地域空间效应的源动力，并主要通过临港产业空间成长与城市形态演变、促进“港城式”土地利用模式形成、港航特色的轴—辐交通物流空间网络发育等实现对城市空间结构的牵引和再造，最终从多维度揭示现代海港对城市地域空间效应的作用方式与表现形式。

关键词： 海港区位势能   大连   临港产业空间   港城式土地利用模式   轴—辐物流网络  

基金：

国家自然科学基金项目(41101114，41071094);辽宁省高等学校创新团队项目(wt2011002)。

1. Center for Studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China;   2. Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;   3. Management Committee of Dalian Free Trade Zone, Dalian 116600, China  

Abstract：

Seaport is more an economic system than a geographical space. The functions of modern seaport have changed from marine transportation initially to the node of international logistics center and the hub of global resource allocations now. As a polarized area,when its space is growing, the port exerts a great regional spatial impact on the port-city which is the port's directly linked hinterland, and so the port has become the basic driving force of port-city's spatial remodeling. As a typical example that relied upon a seaport to establish itself as a city and prospered from the seaport, Dalian's urban development has been closely related to the seaport's evolution. During the 100 years from the city's beginning to present, the whole developmental history of Dalian's port and Seaport is more an economic system than a geographical space. The functions of modern seaport have changed from marine transportation initially to the node of international logistics center and the hub of global resource allocations now. As a polarized area,when its space is growing, the port exerts a great regional spatial impact on the port-city which is the port's directly linked hinterland, and so the port has become the basic driving force of port-city's spatial remodeling. As a typical example that relied upon a seaport to establish itself as a city and prospered from the seaport, Dalian's urban development has been closely related to the seaport's evolution. During the 100 years from the city's beginning to present, the whole developmental history of Dalian's port and city boiled down to the process of neoteric and modern port economic development in our country and witnessed the history of port-city relationship. Taking the development of Dalian's port and city as an empirical case, this article puts the geographical spatial relationships of port-city into a multi-dimensional spatial frame, firmly grasps the interactions and transitional relations among "process-mechanism-pattern", and investigates the port evolution's geographical spatial effects at the city's scale. Generation, consolidation and continuous reinforcement of potential energy of the city's location in transportation in urban development, port industrial space growth and morphological evolution, promoting the formation of "Sunshine City" land use pattern, and development of Hub-and-Spoke traffic logistics spatial network with the characteristics of port and shipping harbor, are the four major aspects revealing the mechanism and manifestation of the effects of modern seaport on urban geographical space. This article draws two conclusions. On the one hand, the formation, strengthening and aggrandizement of seaport's potential energy of its location in transportation is the source power of seaport's spatial effect on city. The potential energy makes the port-vicinity belt to be the junction station of production factors, promoting regional growth. In the Supply Chain and information age, port's transformation from location advantage to logistics advantage lays the foundations for production factors' convergence in flow age. Contrary to traditional ports focusing on certain industries and foreign trade, modern seaports continuously strengthens integrated service function of logistics, information and so on. The urban regional spatial effect of modern seaport evolution can be described three aspects. (1) At macroscopic level, port evolution drives port-vicinity industrial spatial development and pushes forward the overall urban morphology evolution, which is the main approach and runs through the whole process of port city development. (2) At microcosmic level, formation of port-city's land-use pattern pushes forward the urban internal structure change and urban function optimization, which is a restriction mechanism. Although with the characteristics of port and shipping harbor are weakening when the harbors are relocating to elsewhere, the circular layer model of land use from single-center city or a new port-vicinity city has relative stability. (3) From the perspectives of time characteristics, logistics center is the principal function of a Third Generation port. Compared to traditional ports, the urban regional spatial effects of a modern seaport clearly have different characteristics. By Hub-and-Spoke space network of traffic and logistics, modern ports drive regionalization and networking of port industries and the evolution of its mother city's space, and finally transform seaport cities to resource allocation hubs of the world market.

Keywords： location potential of seaport   urban land use of port-city   space of port industry   Dalian City   Hub-and-Spoke logistics network  

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  本文关键词：现代海港演化对城市发展的地域空间效应——以大连为例，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。