城市客运出租汽车基本费率制定研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 22:08

【摘要】：城市客运出租汽车是城市交通中最为活跃的客运方式,在方便群众出行、扩大社会就业、树立城市形象、促进城市经济发展等方面具有重要作用。出租车运价是反映服务水平,体现运营成本的重要指标,关乎到出租车企业(包括驾驶员)和乘客的切身利益。基本费率(单位运价)作为出租车运价制定的基础和依据,其制定合理与否,不仅影响出租车企业的收入,也影响到乘客的利益,同时也起到调节市场需求的重要作用,影响着整个行业的和谐发展。基本费率受运营成本、供需关系、城市经济发展水平及行业利益主体关系等较多因素影响,政府在制定基本费率时要权衡多方利益,易受主观因素影响。如何从定量角度,综合考虑供需关系、运营成本及外部成本等因素,兼顾企业和乘客利益,科学合理制定基本费率,作为运价制定的基础,是城市客运管理者需要迫切解决的问题。本文在分析出租车基本费率与运价关系、定价理论与模型、基本费率制定影响因素的基础上,结合出租车行业定位及其服务的特殊性,根据次优理论,借鉴拉姆齐定价原理,考虑供需关系、空驶率、外部成本,在保证企业获得合理利润空间的约束下,以消费者剩余与生产者剩余之和即社会福利最大化为目标构建出租车基本费率模型；并探讨了出租车基本费率模型相关参数的计算方法和合理取值；最后,将基本费率应用到成都市出租车运价制定的实践中。
[Abstract]:Urban passenger taxi is the most active passenger transport mode in urban traffic, which plays an important role in facilitating the travel of the masses, expanding social employment, setting up the image of the city and promoting the development of urban economy. Taxi fare is an important index to reflect service level and operation cost, which is related to the vital interests of taxi enterprises (including drivers) and passengers. As the basis and basis for the establishment of taxi fares, the basic rate (unit tariff) not only affects the income of taxi enterprises, but also affects the interests of passengers, and also plays an important role in regulating market demand. Affect the harmonious development of the whole industry. The basic rate is affected by many factors, such as operating cost, supply and demand relationship, the level of urban economic development and the relationship of the main body of interests of the industry, etc. The government should weigh various interests when making the basic rate, which is easy to be influenced by subjective factors. How to consider the factors such as supply and demand, operation cost and external cost from a quantitative perspective, give consideration to the interests of enterprises and passengers, and set the basic rate scientifically and reasonably, as the basis for the formulation of freight rates. It is a problem that city passenger transport manager needs to solve urgently. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the basic rate of taxi and the freight rate, the pricing theory and model, the influence factors of the basic rate formulation, combined with the positioning of the taxi industry and the particularity of its service, according to the sub-optimal theory, the paper draws lessons from Ramsey's pricing principle. Considering the relationship between supply and demand, empty driving rate, external cost, and under the constraint of guaranteeing the enterprise to obtain reasonable profit space, the basic taxi rate model is constructed with the goal of maximizing the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus, that is, social welfare. The calculation method and reasonable value of the relevant parameters of taxi basic rate model are discussed. Finally, the basic rate is applied to the practice of making taxi fares in Chengdu.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U492.434;F572.7

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