基于城市交通拥堵的私家车共乘可行性分析

发布时间：2018-08-14 10:31

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展，城市化水平的不断深入和人民收入水平的不断提高，城市居民出行的机动化不断提高，由城市机动化所引发的土地资源与能源紧张、交通拥挤、交通事故、环境污染等问题日益受到关注。随着私家车的保有量的不断增长，城市居民私家车出行越来越多，而上下班高峰期，私家车成为拥堵的主要原因。同时私家车实载率较低、在一定程度上造成汽车废气排放量增加、交通堵塞等一系列的问题，困扰着城市交通行业的健康发展，因此提高私家车的实载率成为缓解交通压力的有效途径。私家车共乘是在城市道路交通运能紧张的情况下产生的一种新的交通方式。本文通过“共乘”的发展为根源，，结合我国私家车发展的现状，将私家车共乘的可行性作为研究对象，具有显著的实践研究意义和创造性，同时为目前较混乱的私家车共乘，提供一个很好的规范化、完整化的发展方向和模式，从而实现提高交通运输效率，节约乘客出行时间成本，减少能源消耗。本文首先分析了城市交通拥堵的属性、原因拥堵的规律，并作出了交通拥堵的经济分析，为私家车共乘的实施提供了前提条件；并根据目前我国城市交通的特点和客运需求程度，剖析了私家车在我国发展的可操作性、适应性、经济可行性和社会可行性。再者考虑到私家车共乘的规范化和制度化，本文提出了私家车共乘的模式和边界，以及共乘车辆的准入与退出和相关的质量服务管理。最后，结合目前我国私家车共乘的现状，从政策层面提出了相关的建议。本文通过对私家车共乘可行性研究的研究，认为私家车共乘在城市交通发展实践中将具有巨大的现实意义。科学合理的发展私家车共乘服务能够充分利用现有的资源，有效的提高其运营效率，在一定程度上缓解城市交通压力;对于搭乘者来讲，既能够满足便捷、舒适的乘车要求，又能够节约出行成本，从而实现双赢的效果。伴随着这种拼车出行方式的普及，可以大大减少能源消耗，改善城市大气污染，具有积极的社会效益和经济效益。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, the deepening of urbanization and the continuous improvement of people's income, the motorization of urban residents' travel has been continuously improved, the land resources and energy resources caused by urban motorization are tight, and the traffic is congested. Traffic accidents and environmental pollution are getting more and more attention. With the increasing number of private cars, private cars travel more and more, and during the rush hour, private cars become the main cause of congestion. At the same time, private cars have a low real load rate, which to some extent leads to a series of problems, such as an increase in vehicle emissions, traffic jams, and so on, which are bothering the healthy development of the urban transportation industry. Therefore, increasing the real-load rate of private cars is an effective way to relieve traffic pressure. Private car co-riding is a new traffic mode under the condition of urban road traffic capacity is tight. Through the development of "co-riding" as the root, combined with the current situation of private car development in China, the feasibility of private car co-ride as the research object, which has significant practical significance and creativity, at the same time for the chaotic private car co-ride. It provides a good development direction and mode of standardization and integrity, which can improve transportation efficiency, save passenger travel time cost and reduce energy consumption. Firstly, this paper analyzes the attributes of urban traffic congestion and the rules of traffic congestion, and makes the economic analysis of traffic congestion, which provides a prerequisite for the implementation of private car co-riding. According to the characteristics of urban traffic and the degree of passenger transport demand, the paper analyzes the maneuverability, adaptability, economic feasibility and social feasibility of private car development in China. Furthermore, considering the standardization and institutionalization of private car co-riding, this paper puts forward the model and boundary of private car co-riding, the admission and exit of co-ride vehicle and the related quality service management. Finally, according to the current situation of private car co-ride in China, the relevant suggestions are put forward from the policy level. Based on the study of the feasibility of private car co-riding, this paper thinks that private car co-riding will have great practical significance in the practice of urban traffic development. Scientific and reasonable development of private car co-ride service can make full use of existing resources, effectively improve its operational efficiency, to a certain extent alleviate the pressure of urban traffic; for passengers, can not only meet the convenient and comfortable ride requirements, Can also save travel costs, thus achieving a win-win effect. With the popularity of this carpool mode, energy consumption can be greatly reduced, urban air pollution can be improved, with positive social and economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F572

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