出租车经营权性质分析与法律规范

发布时间：2018-10-11 17:45

【摘要】：出租车行业是城市公共交通体系的重要组成部分,其公益性质注定需要政府的合理管制；出租车行业经营的特点又决定了该行业需要引入私人主体参与市场竞争。因此,出租车经营权的性质定位显得十分重要。长期以来,国内出租车行业所暴露出来的诸多问题均与出租车经营权的定位混乱有关。出租车经营权从政府许可的角度来说是行政许可权；从经营者的角度来讲,具有一定的私权属性。因此,出租车经营权兼具公权与私权的双重属性,兼受公法与私法的双重调整。出租车经营权的双重属性决定了其性质定位的困难。如何处理政府宏观调控与市场主体自由竞争之间的关系是处理出租车行业绝大多数问题的关键。政府对出租车经营权的数量管制人为创立了稀缺的制度资源,在分配经营权资源时政府又通过歧视性的主体管制限制个人主体的进入,出租车行业因此而走向混乱。如今,政府部门已经积重难返,无从下手去协调出租车行业各相关主体之间的利益分配,长期以来的罢运事件频发正表明政府管制的失控。因此,当务之急需要处理好政府管制与市场调节的关系,政府唯有放松对出租车经营权的管制,引入竞争机制才是有效解决出租车行业痼疾的良方。当然,出租车行业政府管制与市场调节的权限划分离不开法律制度的制约,完善出租车经营权的法律制度是出租车行业健康有序发展的前提。
[Abstract]:Taxi industry is an important part of the urban public transport system, and its commonweal nature is destined to require reasonable government regulation, and the characteristics of taxi industry management determine the need to introduce private subjects to participate in market competition. Therefore, the nature of taxi management right positioning is very important. For a long time, many problems exposed by domestic taxi industry are related to the confusion of taxi management right. From the angle of government license, taxi management right is administrative license right, and from operator's point of view, it has certain private right attribute. Therefore, the taxi management right has the dual attribute of public right and private right, and is regulated by public law and private law. The double attribute of taxi management right determines the difficulty of its nature orientation. How to deal with the relationship between government macro-control and free competition is the key to deal with most problems in taxi industry. The government has created scarce institutional resources for the quantity control of taxi management right, and the government restricts the entry of individual subject through discriminatory subject control, which leads to chaos in taxi industry. Now, the government has accumulated for a long time is not easy to solve, there is no way to coordinate the taxi industry between the interests of the various stakeholders, the frequent occurrence of long-term strikes is a sign of government control out of control. Therefore, it is urgent to deal with the relationship between government regulation and market regulation. The only way for the government to effectively solve the chronic problems of taxi industry is to relax the control of taxi management right and introduce competition mechanism. Of course, the limits of authority of government regulation and market regulation of taxi industry can not be separated from the restriction of legal system. Perfecting the legal system of taxi management right is the premise of the healthy and orderly development of taxi industry.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F572.88;D922.29

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