基于流体力学理论的地铁站台端客流模型研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 21:16

【摘要】：目前,在车站设施的设计中主要依据《地铁设计规范》,再结合远期预测客流的高峰值确定设施规模的大小,而往往忽略了客流的动态影响,导致车站设施很难完全适应客流的流动状态需求,影响设施系统整体能力的充分发挥。因此,为了实现交通设施的优化设计,有必要对客流的运动规律进行深入的研究。充分掌握客流在车站设施中的运动规律。城市轨道交通客流与流体具有一定相似性,能否利用流体力学的理论研究客流特性的成为一个亟需解决的问题。流体力学基本理论在交通流理论研究中的应用,也使客流研究中引入这一理论成为必然。通过对城市轨道交通客流与流体的相似性分析,先后提出了客流连续性假设、客流压力P(设施压力)的概念,并对其相应的参数做出了鲜明的对比和转化,主要包括速度、密度、流量、压力、过流断面等等,为有效地将流体力学思想应用到客流研究中提供了理论上的支持；利用流体力学理论推导验证了符合站台端客流运动规律的连续性方程、运动微分方程和特定条件下的客流伯努利方程,并结合客流规律对数学模型进行了详细分析；通过建立站台和不同楼梯宽度(4m、5m、5.4m、6m、6.4m、7m)的组合模型,研究了楼梯宽度和客流速度、速度变化率、客流压力(设施压力)、压力变化率的关系。本文的主要研究结论包括：通过一定的条件假设,流体力学理论可以应用在城市轨道交通客流的研究中；利用推导得到的数学模型能够从本质上解释客流运动中部分现象的原因；对不同楼梯宽度和站台组合模型的计算分析,为站台端楼梯宽度的选择提供了参考；通过对北京市若干城市轨道交通车站站台客流运动的实地调研,提出了拥堵区域的“梯型”模型。
[Abstract]:At present, the design of station facilities is mainly based on the "Subway Design Code", combined with the long-term prediction of the high peak value of passenger flow to determine the size of the facility, and often ignore the dynamic impact of passenger flow. It is very difficult for station facilities to fully adapt to the flow state of passenger flow, which affects the full exertion of the overall capacity of the facility system. Therefore, in order to realize the optimal design of traffic facilities, it is necessary to deeply study the movement law of passenger flow. Fully grasp the movement of passenger flow in station facilities. There is a certain similarity between the passenger flow and the fluid in urban rail transit. It is an urgent problem to use the theory of fluid mechanics to study the characteristics of passenger flow. The application of the basic theory of fluid mechanics in the study of traffic flow theory also makes it inevitable to introduce this theory into the study of passenger flow. By analyzing the similarity between passenger flow and fluid in urban rail transit, this paper puts forward the hypothesis of passenger flow continuity successively, the concept of passenger flow pressure P (facility pressure), and makes a sharp contrast and transformation to its corresponding parameters, mainly including speed. Density, flow rate, pressure, flow section and so on, which provide theoretical support for the effective application of hydrodynamics to passenger flow research. The continuity equation, differential equation of motion and Bernoulli equation of passenger flow under certain conditions are deduced and verified by the theory of fluid mechanics, and the mathematical model is analyzed in detail in combination with the law of passenger flow. The relationship between stair width and passenger flow velocity, velocity change rate, passenger flow pressure (facility pressure) and pressure change rate are studied by establishing a combined model of platform and different stair width (4mm ~ 5m ~ (-5) m ~ (-5) m ~ (6) ~ (4) m / m ~ (7 m). The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the hydrodynamic theory can be applied to the study of urban rail transit passenger flow through certain conditional assumptions; By using the derived mathematical model, the causes of some phenomena in passenger flow movement can be explained in essence, and the calculation and analysis of different stair width and platform combination model can provide a reference for the choice of stair width at platform end. The trapezoidal model of traffic flow in congested area is put forward through the investigation of passenger flow on the platform of some urban rail transit stations in Beijing.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U293.13

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