共享腹地港口群综合效率评价研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 16:38

【摘要】：改革开放以来，我国沿海港口发展异常迅猛，沿海的港口建设已形成规模庞大的五大港口群体，大大地改变了改革开放初期港口基础投资不足的状况。但与此同时也出现了一系列新问题，突出表现为无序竞争激烈、重复建设严重和功能定位不清。一方面不少港口过分夸大自身的优势，竞相争夺主枢纽港的地位；另一方面，相当一部分港口在货源及箱源不足、能力过剩的情况下仍积极建设或准备建设更多泊位，造成了巨大的资金与资源浪费。本文通过对国内外关于港口群及港口效率的文献研究，以及对我国港口群目前存在的现实问题提炼的基础上提出共享腹地港口群综合效率概念，并通过对效率理论的梳理明确其内涵，确定论文的研究思路：站在共享腹地港口群整体的角度评价其综合效率，找出港口群非效率的原因，并以此为指导准则，对群内港口做出发展方向的引导及港口内资源的整合建议。论文首先借鉴前人的研究构建共享腹地港口群综合效率评价指标体系，以货物吞吐量和集装箱吞吐量为产出指标，码头泊位长度、万吨级以下泊位数、万吨级以上泊位数、桥吊数量、堆场面积、前沿水深为投入指标，应用DEA模型进行求解，得到港口群及各个港口的综合效率。并以珠三角港口群为标本对其进行综合效率评价，初步得到珠三角港口群综合效率无效率原因。进而，论文对港口群综合效率无效率的三种情况进行效率优化分析。技术有效规模无效的港口群应限制港口新的基础设施的投资，，并且整合群内规模小、分布零散的港口进行资源整合，使港口群在当前的腹地货运量的情况下达到规模效率；技术无效规模有效的港口群，一方面加强技术效率相对低的港口向技术效率高的港口学习运营管理经验，另一方面积极发掘腹地货源，增大技术无效率港的吞吐量，提升其技术效率；技术规模无效的港口群，优先增长技术无效且处于规模效益递减的港口的吞吐量，其次是规模无效且处于规模效益递减状态的港口，最后再考虑其他效率类型的港口。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the development of coastal ports in China has been extremely rapid. The construction of coastal ports has formed five large groups of ports, which has greatly changed the situation of insufficient port infrastructure investment in the early stage of reform and opening up. But at the same time, there are a series of new problems, such as fierce disordered competition, heavy repeated construction and unclear function orientation. On the one hand, many ports exaggerate their own advantages, competing for the status of the main hub port; On the other hand, a considerable number of ports are still actively building or preparing to build more berths under the condition of insufficient cargo and container sources and excess capacity, which results in a huge waste of funds and resources. This paper puts forward the concept of comprehensive efficiency of shared hinterland port group on the basis of literature research on port group and port efficiency both at home and abroad, and on the basis of refining the existing practical problems of port group in China. And through combing the efficiency theory to clarify its connotation, determine the research ideas of the paper: from the point of view of the shared hinterland port group to evaluate its comprehensive efficiency, find out the reasons for the port group non-efficiency, and take this as the guiding criterion. To make the development direction of the group port guidance and port resources integration recommendations. Firstly, the paper constructs a comprehensive efficiency evaluation index system of shared hinterland port group based on previous studies, taking cargo throughput and container throughput as output indicators, berth length of dock, berth under ten thousand tons, berth above ten thousand tons. The quantity of bridge crane, the area of yard and the depth of front water are the input indexes. The DEA model is used to solve the problem, and the comprehensive efficiency of port group and each port is obtained. The comprehensive efficiency of the Pearl River Delta port group was evaluated and the reasons for the inefficiency of the Pearl River Delta port group were preliminarily obtained. Then, the paper analyzes the efficiency optimization of the three cases of the comprehensive efficiency of port group. The port group with ineffective technical scale should restrict the investment of new port infrastructure, and integrate the small and scattered port resources in the cluster, so as to make the port group achieve scale efficiency under the condition of the current cargo volume in the hinterland; On the one hand, the ports with relatively low technical efficiency learn from the operation management experience of the ports with high technical efficiency, on the other hand, they actively explore the hinterland to increase the throughput of the technically inefficient ports. Improving its technical efficiency; The port group with ineffective technical scale gives priority to increase the throughput of the port with ineffective technology and decreasing scale benefit, followed by the port with invalid scale and declining state of scale benefit, and then considers other efficient ports.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F552;F224

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