长沙地铁2号线运营成本控制研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 09:33

【摘要】：伴随着城市化、机动化以及社会经济现代化快速的发展,在我国,城市交通的供求矛盾日益突出,重要线路的交通压力显著增加,很多线路的运量居于饱和或临界饱和,交通经常处于拥挤状态,城市的发展已被城市交通问题所制约。这样,就要求城市交通工具需要加入大运量的成员,需要更好的挖掘使用地下空间,这样才能缓解地面道路交通资源的矛盾,使城市土地和城市交通协调发展,进而促进城市经济飞速发展。如此背景之下,地铁这种又节能又节时又能保证运能的城市轨道交通运输方式便应运而生了。地铁的建设与运营投资都比较大,而地铁自身又具有公益性,所以其运营出现赤字的可能是不可回避的。世界上各大城市的轨道交通运营基本上都是亏损的,仅香港和新加坡是有盈利的。在票价较低的情况下,仅依靠提高票款收入来增加收益是不现实的,如何降低地铁的运营成本就成为城市轨道交通运营研究中一个必不可少的方面,而且对完善轨道交通企业的运营状况具有非常重要的意义。本文首先叙述了研究运营成本的背景与意义,并在阅读与参考了国内外众多文献的基础上,以要素成本法贯穿文章主线,分别运用定额管理理论和全面预算管理理论进行了研究。其次,对地铁运营成本的概念特点和影响因素进行了介绍,进而对长沙地铁的建设与运营基本情况进行了说明,在此基础上对长沙地铁2号线运营成本详细分析与探究,发现了长沙地铁2号线运营成本的几个构成要素中(人工,能耗,维保成本等方面),都多多少少存在一些问题。笔者又细致挖掘造成每个成本要素居高不下背后真正的成因,发现缺乏成本管理意识,公司成本控制制度不完善和管理不善是造成运营成本高的主要成因。最后,作者在地铁运营成本控制措施上从强化成本控制意识,制定适宜的核算制度,实施定额管理等方面提出了自己的方法与见解,并从开辟多元化支付手段,合理控制维保成本到倡导节能等方面提出了控制运营成本的合理化意见与管理策略。地铁交通的主要受益者是广大的乘客,地铁客车在运营过程中不仅会为运营企业带来经济效益,更重要的是它节约了城市社会成本,为了更好地发挥其社会功能,研究运营成本意义重大。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, motorization and social and economic modernization, the contradiction of urban traffic supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent in our country, the traffic pressure of important lines increases significantly, and the traffic volume of many lines is saturated or critical saturation. Traffic is often in a congested state, the development of the city has been restricted by urban traffic problems. In this way, it is required that urban transport vehicles need to join the members of the heavy transportation volume, and that they need better excavation and use of underground space, so as to alleviate the contradiction of the surface road traffic resources and make the urban land and urban traffic develop harmoniously. And then promote the rapid development of urban economy. Under such background, subway this kind of energy saving, saving time and ensuring transportation capacity of urban rail transit mode came into being. The construction and operation investment of subway is relatively large, and the subway itself has public welfare, so it is inevitable that there is a deficit in its operation. Rail transit operations in the world's major cities are largely loss-making, with Hong Kong and Singapore alone profitable. In the case of low ticket price, it is not realistic to increase revenue only by raising ticket income. How to reduce the operating cost of subway becomes an essential aspect in the study of urban rail transit operation. Moreover, it is of great significance to improve the operation condition of rail transit enterprises. This paper first describes the background and significance of the study of operating costs, and on the basis of reading and referring to many literatures at home and abroad, elements cost method runs through the main line of the article. Quota management theory and comprehensive budget management theory are used to study. Secondly, it introduces the concept characteristics and influencing factors of subway operating cost, and then explains the basic situation of Changsha subway construction and operation, and then analyzes and explores the operation cost of Changsha Metro Line 2 in detail. It is found that there are some problems in several elements of operation cost of Changsha Metro Line 2 (labor, energy consumption, maintenance cost, etc.). The author carefully excavates the real causes behind the high cost factors and finds that the lack of awareness of cost management imperfect cost control system and poor management are the main causes of high operating costs. Finally, the author puts forward his own methods and opinions from the aspects of strengthening the consciousness of cost control, formulating appropriate accounting system, implementing quota management, and opening up diversified means of payment. Rational control of maintenance cost to advocating energy saving and so on are put forward to control the operation cost rationalization and management strategy. The main beneficiaries of subway traffic are the vast number of passengers. Subway passenger cars will not only bring economic benefits to the operating enterprises, but more importantly, it saves the social cost of the city, in order to give better play to its social function. It is of great significance to study the operating cost.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F572.88;F570.5

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