莱州港竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 11:24

【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速，世界各地的经济联系更加密切，对物流的依赖程度也更高。海运作为全球贸易中发挥着主力军作用的物流方式，其意义越来越得到各国的重视，而港口作为海运的节点，其重要性也不言而喻。因此，伴随而来的港口之间的竞争也就不可避免，并且有愈演愈烈的趋势。港口竞争不仅存在于港口群之间，也存在于港口群内部，山东半岛港口群作为中国的五大港口群之一，有优越的环境优势和腹地优势，内部竞争也非常激烈。 2011年1月4日，《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》获得国务院的批复，上升为国家战略，山东半岛港口的发展迎来新的机遇。规划提出要建设以青岛港为龙头的东北亚航运枢纽，这给山东半岛的港口建设产生巨大的推动作用，但同时也要看到，各港口不断扩张建设会使已经很严峻的竞争态势进一步恶化。在这种形势下，在夹缝中生存的中小港口企业有必要对自身的竞争力作全面、准确的评估，并以此为据进行正确的市场定位，选择适合自身的发展策略，才能在未来的竞争中保有自己的一席之地。在作针对莱州港的竞争力评价前，本文先对于现存的竞争力评价的国内外研究成果做了综述，并对港口竞争力评价的相关理论做了论述。港口竞争与其他企业的市场竞争不同，原因在于港口有公共产品的性质，其市场具有一定程度的垄断性。对于评价方法的选择和指标体系的建立，本文也做了比较详细的论述，因为这两个因素是系统评价的关键步骤。只有选取了适合的方法，建立了合理的指标体系，才能做出客观全面的评价。本文选择位于渤海莱州湾畔的莱州港作为研究对象，莱州港是山东半岛港口群中众多中小港口之一，目前隶属于中国海外发展集团有限公司，周围有青岛港、日照港、烟台港这样的国际、国内航运中心的挤压，生存空间狭小，在我国的中小型港口中具有典型性。研究方法方面，，本文先用态势分析法对莱州港面临的竞争态势作简要分析，识别主要的影响竞争力的因素，然后将模糊数学方法与层次分析法相结合，建立了模糊层次分析综合评价模型用于港口竞争力的评价。最后分析评价结果，提出适合莱州港发展的策略。同时本文也企图通过对莱州港这样一个典型的研究，在评价莱州港竞争力和寻找其发展思路的同时也能够为探索普遍适合中小港口的竞争力评价方法和发展策略提供一点参考。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, the economic links around the world become closer and more dependent on logistics. As the main force of the global trade, the significance of maritime transportation has been paid more and more attention by many countries, and the importance of the port as the node of maritime transportation is also self-evident. Therefore, the accompanying competition between ports is inevitable, and there is a growing trend. Port competition exists not only among port groups, but also within port groups. As one of the five major port groups in China, Shandong Peninsula port group has superior environmental advantages and hinterland advantages, and the internal competition is also very fierce. On January 4, 2011, the "Development Plan of Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula" was approved by the State Council and became a national strategy. The development of ports in Shandong Peninsula ushered in new opportunities. The plan proposes to build a shipping hub in Northeast Asia with Qingdao Port as its leading role, which will give a tremendous impetus to the port construction in the Shandong Peninsula, but at the same time, it should also be seen. The continuous expansion of the ports will further worsen the already severe competition situation. In this situation, it is necessary for the small and medium-sized port enterprises to make a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of their own competitiveness, and take this as the basis to carry out the correct market positioning and choose the development strategy suitable for themselves. In order to maintain their own place in the future competition. Before evaluating the competitiveness of Laizhou port, this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research results of the existing competitiveness evaluation, and discusses the relevant theories of port competitiveness evaluation. Port competition is different from the market competition of other enterprises because port has the nature of public goods and its market has a certain degree of monopoly. The selection of evaluation method and the establishment of index system are also discussed in detail, because these two factors are the key steps of system evaluation. Only by selecting suitable method and establishing reasonable index system can objective and comprehensive evaluation be made. This paper chooses Laizhou Port, which is located on the banks of Laizhou Bay in Bohai Sea, as the object of study. Laizhou Port is one of the many small and medium-sized ports in the port group of Shandong Peninsula, which is currently affiliated with China overseas Development Group Co., Ltd., surrounded by Qingdao Port and Rizhao Port. Yantai Port, such as international, domestic shipping center squeeze, narrow living space, in our small and medium-sized ports have a typical. In the aspect of research methods, this paper firstly uses situation analysis method to analyze the competition situation of Laizhou Port, identifies the main factors that affect competitiveness, and then combines fuzzy mathematics method with AHP method. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) comprehensive evaluation model is established to evaluate the port competitiveness. Finally, the evaluation results are analyzed and the strategies suitable for the development of Laizhou Port are put forward. At the same time, this paper also attempts to evaluate the competitiveness of Laizhou Port and find its development ideas through a typical study of Laizhou Port. It can also provide a reference for exploring the evaluation methods and development strategies for the competitiveness of small and medium-sized ports.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F552.7

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