航空运输业碳排放量计算及低碳策略研究

发布时间：2019-03-18 13:56

【摘要】：全球气候变化诱发的“绿色工业革命”的核心是使经济增长和二氧化碳排放“脱钩”,改善经济和“碳排放”之间的损益关系。从1992年通过的《联合国气候变化框架公约》,到1997年的《京都议定书》,从公约变为可操作的法律文件,环境问题聚焦于气候问题,从技术层面上其实质就是“二氧化碳”的排放问题。欧盟在航空运输业碳排放领域动作不断,并给我国航空业带来了很大的影响。2009年,欧盟公布了受该草案约束的2000多家的航空公司的名单,被公布的航空公司将于2012年起被纳入ETS,即上述航空公司进出欧盟以及在欧盟内部飞行均要遵守欧盟的“绿色天空”计划。本文基于上述背景提出要将航空运输业碳排放量定量化,分别用了传统的计算方法即ICAO标准排放模型和遥感反演定量的方法。本文首先介绍了计算碳排放量的相关理论,在第三章中通过ICAO标准排放模型和大连机场实际数据计算出大连周水子机场每年的碳排放量；第四章则用遥感影像首先反演出地表真实温度分布,再根据热岛效应模拟出二氧化碳的分布图,得出大连机场每个时相的二氧化碳溶度分布图,再转化为碳排放总量,比较两种计算方法得到的结果,吻合度很高,说明遥感技术计算碳排放量是很有效的。本文最后提出了我国航空业低碳策略,基于欧盟的强硬措施提出了推动我国碳交易机制,以是实现和国际对接；提出加快我国“碳计划”的研究以提高量化排放量的技术,以便日后的治理有理有据；提出长期发展战略即使用替代生物燃料,利用地沟油生产生物航空燃料,计算了生产成本并分析了国内制约其产业发展的限制因素,即不良商贩的哄抬市价使得地沟油价格飙升等等,提出了一系列建议。
[Abstract]:The core of the "green industrial revolution" triggered by global climate change is to "decouple" economic growth from carbon dioxide emissions and improve the profit and loss relationship between the economy and "carbon emissions". From the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, adopted in 1992, to the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, from a convention to an operational legal instrument, and environmental issues focused on climate issues, Technically, its essence is the issue of carbon dioxide emissions. In 2009, the European Union published a list of more than 2000 airlines bound by the draft, which has continued to move in the area of carbon emissions in the air transport industry, and has had a great impact on China's aviation industry. In 2009, the European Union published a list of more than 2000 airlines bound by the draft. The announced airlines will be included in the ETS, from 2012, when the airlines go in and out of the EU and fly within the EU to comply with the EU's "Green Sky" program. Based on the above background, this paper proposes to quantify the carbon emissions of the air transportation industry, using the traditional calculation methods, namely the ICAO standard emission model and the remote sensing inversion quantitative method, respectively. In the third chapter, the ICAO standard emission model and the actual data of Dalian airport are used to calculate the annual carbon emissions of Dalian Zhoushuizi airport. In the fourth chapter, we use remote sensing images to get the real surface temperature distribution first, then simulate the distribution map of carbon dioxide according to the heat island effect, and get the distribution map of carbon dioxide solubility in each phase of Dalian Airport, and then convert it into the total carbon emission. Compared with the results obtained by the two methods, the agreement is very high, which shows that the remote sensing technique is very effective in calculating carbon emissions. Finally, this paper puts forward the low-carbon strategy of China's aviation industry, and puts forward the mechanism of promoting China's carbon trading mechanism based on the tough measures of the European Union, so as to realize the docking with the international community; Put forward to accelerate the research of "carbon plan" in our country in order to improve the technology of quantifying emissions, so that the future governance can be based on evidence; This paper puts forward a long-term development strategy, even using alternative biofuels and using trench oil to produce bioaviation fuels, calculates the production costs and analyzes the limiting factors that restrict the development of its industry in China. That is, bad vendors bid up the market price makes the price of gutter oil soar, and so on, put forward a series of suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F562;X322

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