集装箱空箱库存不平衡问题研究

发布时间：2017-09-30 11:34

  本文关键词：集装箱空箱库存不平衡问题研究

  更多相关文章： 集装箱空箱库存不平衡 虚拟集装箱交换平台(Virtual container pool VCP) 6R模型 3F模型 集装箱库存管理(Container inventory management CIM)评价

【摘要】：受出口商对集装箱经常性需求与承运人供给能力的不平衡影响,集装箱库存不平衡的现象普遍存在于集装箱运输行业。集装箱空箱互换能有效减少集装箱库存不平衡的现象。而现实情况是：虽然大多数航运联盟都签订了空箱互换的协议(亦即承认空箱互换的有效性),在实际作业过程中却并未如此实施。本文旨在分析这一现象及其出现原因,并提出集装箱虚拟交换平台(Virtual Container Pool)的概念,以解决集装箱库存不平衡的问题。本文首先提出“6R”模型,以准确识别用于满足需求的集装箱供给,即在正确的时间和地点提供正确的类型、尺寸、数量以及质量的集装箱。而通过对承运人目前所实行的集装箱库存管理(Container Inventory management, CIM)策略并未获得满意的效果。基于此,本文进一步提出“3F”模型,具体包括：运费：需求预测及承运人服务的灵活性。将该模型应用于斯里兰卡的集装箱运输行业,取得了较好的效果。此外,本文提出集装箱空箱库存管理的多维评价指数模型,用于衡量承运人及整个行业的集装箱库存管理竞争力水平。该模型有助于出口商在选择运输服务前对承运人的集装箱库存管理能力进行评估,并可对承运人的集装箱库存管理能力进行排名。结合所构建的多维评价指数模型在斯里兰卡的应用,本文指出该国的集装箱库存管理整个行业的竞争力较低,有待进一步提高。对斯里兰卡集装箱航运业的研究发现,所提出的虚拟集装箱交换平台概念尚未付诸实践,仍处于理论层面。尽管联盟协议里有集装箱互换的条件,承运人仍然不愿就此进行合作。分析这一现象的原因在于,承运人担心此举可能给竞争者带来优势。本文进一步结合所提出的集装箱虚拟交换平台,构建了以最小化运营成本为目标函数的数学模型,并运用实际数据进行计算,以定量衡量集装箱互换对航运成本的影响。最后,对斯里兰卡进行的案例分析的仿真结果表明,虚拟集装箱交换平台每年可为航运公司削减空箱调运成本19%。进一步验证了本文所提出交换平台概念的有效性。
【关键词】：集装箱空箱库存不平衡 虚拟集装箱交换平台(Virtual container pool VCP) 6R模型 3F模型 集装箱库存管理(Container inventory management CIM)评价
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F551
【目录】：

• 创新点摘要5-6
• 摘要6-7
• ABSTRACT7-17
• CHAPTER ONE Introduction and Problem Statement17-28
• 1.1 Background of the Study17-23
• 1.1.1 International Trade and Containerization17
• 1.1.2 Containers17-19
• 1.1.3 Empty Containers19-21
• 1.1.4 Sharing Ship Space21-22
• 1.1.5 Interchange Containers between Carriers22-23
• 1.1.6 Various Forms of Strategic Alliances23
• 1.2 Research Problem Identification23-28
• 1.2.1 Symptoms of the Problem24
• 1.2.2 Significance of the Problem24-26
• 1.2.3 Objectives of the Study26-27
• 1.2.4 Chapter Outline27-28
• CHAPTER TWO Literature Review28-66
• 2.1 Background28-29
• 2.1.1 The Empty Container Problem28-29
• 2.2 Diachronic perspectives of the imbalance problem29-37
• 2.2.1 Global Container Movement29-34
• 2.2.2 Main sources of container inventory34-36
• 2.2.3 The Trade and Weight Imbalance36-37
• 2.3 Organizational Behaviour of Container Shipping Companies37-40
• 2.4 Synchronic view to the Container Inventory imbalance problem40-45
• 2.4.1 A snapshot of global container inventory imbalance40-41
• 2.4.2 Empty container repositioning41-45
• 2.5 Exploring solutions to minimize container management issues45-47
• 2.5.1 Mitigating the problem of empty container repositioning46-47
• 2.6 Collaboration among Container Shipping Companies47-53
• 2.6.1 Pooling Resources in Consortiums52-53
• 2.7 The Paradox in Container Inventory management by Carriers53-54
• 2.8 Theoretical approach to container imbalance54-66
• 2.8.1 Key points of study done by YUR & Esmer55-58
• 2.8.2 Summary of other studies on Empty container related issues58-63
• 2.8.3 Container Sharing with Competing Carriers63-66
• CHAPTER THREE Conceptualization of the research66-74
• CHAPTER FOUR Container Inventory Management (CIM) Concept Model & Multidimensional CIM Evaluation Index74-99
• 4.1 Container Inventory Management74-77
• 4.1.1 The Process of Container Operation75-77
• 4.2 Container Inventory Management (3 F) Concept Model77-86
• 4.2.1 Method of Formulating the CIM Mix78-81
• 4.2.2 Understanding the significance of CIM81-82
• 4.2.3 Introducing the 3 F Model (Freight, Forecast, and Flexibility)82-84
• 4.2.4 The Application techniques of 3F Model84-86
• 4.3 Multidimensional CIM Competence Index86-91
• 4.3.1 The origins of CIM Index86-87
• 4.3.2 Method of constructing the country's Multidimensional CIM Index (CMCI) and Carriers' container inventory management competence (CIMC)87-91
• 4.4 Computing Multidimensional CIM Index for Sri Lanka91-95
• 4.4.1 Interpretation92
• 4.4.2 Validating the CMCI for Sri Lanka92-95
• 4.5 Identifying the variables that may impact CIM strategies95-99
• CHAPTER FIVE Potential Solutions to Container Inventory Imbalance Problem:The 6R Container Supply Management Model99-147
• 5.1 The container Demand: Customers' Perspectives99-100
• 5.1.1 The Six Types of Demands99-100
• 5.2 Managing Container Inventory based on Customer Demand100-107
• 5.2.1 Minimizing Container Inventory Imbalance102-107
• 5.3 Identification of the variables affecting container demand and supply107-112
• 5.3.1 Exporters' view (The demand for containers)108-110
• 5.3.2 Carriers' view (The supply of containers)110-112
• 5.4 Feasibility evaluation of container exchange as a smart CIM strategy112-140
• 5.4.1 Causes Underlying Container Inventory Imbalance112-116
• 5.4.2 Need for Balanced In/Out Movements116-117
• 5.4.3 The imbalance117-118
• 5.4.4 MTY movement in Sri Lanka118-119
• 5.4.5 Cost incurred due to imbalance119-120
• 5.4.6 Alliances of CSL120-123
• 5.4.7 The models of collaboration123-138
• 5.4.8 Collaborating to Sustain138-140
• 5.5 Identification of carriers' perception towards container exchange140-147
• CHAPTER SIX Virtual Container Pool and its Evaluation147-167
• 6.1 Container Exchange Possibilities147-149
• 6.1.1 Prerequisites for Container exchange148-149
• 6.1.2 Two key aspects that determines the aptness of container exchange149
• 6.2 Examine the variables that influence container exchange between carriers149-157
• 6.3 Development of a model for the container exchange between carriers157-158
• 6.3.1 The Benefits and disadvantages157-158
• 6.4 Formation of Virtual Container Pool(VCP)158-159
• 6.5 The mathematical model for the VCP159-167
• 6.5.1 Problem formulation159-160
• 6.5.2 Notation, assumptions and problem description160
• 6.5.3 Decision variables160-161
• 6.5.4 Model161-163
• 6.5.5 Examples163-167
• CHAPTER SEVEN A Case Study from Sri Lanka167-172
• 7.1 Container Exchange between shipping lines in Sri Lanka167-168
• 7.2 Evaluation of the impact of container exchange168-172
• CHAPTER EIGHT Conclusions；Limitations；and Directions for Further Research172-178
• 8.1 Conclusions172-177
• 8.1.1 The key contributions of research174-177
• 8.2 Limitations of the Study177
• 8.3 Recommendations for further research177-178
• References178-189
• Publication on the topic by researcher and corresponding chapter in the thesis189-190
• Acknowledgements190-192
• Resume192-196

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