内河危险化学品运输服务链成本结构分析及优化

发布时间：2018-02-24 02:22

本文关键词： 危险化学品运输服务链成本结构成本优化风险度量港口作业成本水路运输成本风险控制成本　出处：《重庆交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：截止2012年底，重庆市长寿、涪陵两大化工基地基本建成，化工业成为重庆的支柱产业。危险化学品运输是化工业发展的基础，也是能源、原材料和危险化学品运输的保障。内河运输是重庆危险化学品运输的主要方式，内河危险化学品运输存在风险不易掌控，运输成本高，事故率高等诸多问题。如何在可接受风险范围内最大限度地降低运输成本，已成为内河危险化学品运输亟待解决的问题。国内外有关危险化学品运输的研究大多集中在路径优化问题上，对成本结构分析及优化研究甚少。本文从内河危险化学品运输服务链的视角出发，围绕以下几方面进行研究。 ①通过对重庆市内河危险化学品运输企业调研，了解内河危险化学品运输服务链组成及运作流程，发现运输服务链可分为起运港港口作业、水路运输、目的港港口作业三个环节。 ②分析运输服务链各环节成本结构。将内河危险化学品运输服务链成本按作业流程分为港口作业成本、水路运输成本、风险控制成本三项，并将水路运输成本细化，发现燃润油费及人力成本占比最高。探讨运输服务链各项成本及单位成本随季节因素的变化趋势，发现除风险控制成本外，其余成本变动幅度较大，故针对不同季节应制定不同的成本控制策略。 ③将风险量化，发现风险值与运输成本间存在反比例关系。在可接受风险范围内研究成本结构优化问题，结果表明重庆市内河危险化学品运输服务链成本结构基本合理，应重点控制燃润料成本及人力成本，增加风险控制成本。 ④以A公司为为例，运用本文构建的模型分析A公司成本结构的合理性。结果表明目前A公司危险化学品运输服务链整体成本结构比较合理，为保证较低的运输风险，应重点加强燃润料成本控制，同时增加风险控制成本投入。论文具体介绍了内河危险化学品运输服务链的运作流程，，对重庆市危险化学品运输服务链的成本结构进行分析，考虑在可接受风险范围内对危险化学品运输成本结构进行优化，结果显示与实际情况基本相符。因此，本文的方法对于危险化学品运输企业的成本控制具有一定的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:By end of 2012, Chongqing had lived a long life, two major chemical bases in Fuling had basically been built, and the chemical industry had become the pillar industry in Chongqing. The transportation of hazardous chemicals was the basis for the development of chemical industry and also the energy source. Transportation of raw materials and dangerous chemicals. Inland water transportation is the main mode of transportation of dangerous chemicals in Chongqing. The transportation of inland dangerous chemicals is difficult to control and the transportation costs are high. How to minimize the transportation cost within the acceptable risk range has become an urgent problem in the transportation of inland dangerous chemicals. Most of the research on the transportation of hazardous chemicals at home and abroad is focused on the path optimization problem, and the cost structure analysis and optimization research are very few. This paper focuses on the following aspects from the perspective of the transport service chain of inland dangerous chemicals. (1) through the investigation and investigation of the inland dangerous chemicals transportation enterprises in Chongqing, the composition and operation process of the inland dangerous chemicals transportation service chain are understood, and it is found that the transport service chain can be divided into port operations and waterway transportation, There are three links in port operation. (2) analyze the cost structure of each link of transportation service chain. Divide the cost of inland dangerous chemical transportation service chain into three items according to the operation process: Port operation cost, waterway transportation cost, risk control cost, and refine the waterway transportation cost. It is found that the proportion of fuel and labor costs is the highest. The variation trend of transportation service chain cost and unit cost with seasonal factors is discussed. It is found that except risk control cost, the other cost changes greatly. Therefore, different cost control strategies should be made for different seasons. (3) quantifying the risk and finding the inverse relation between the risk value and the transportation cost. The cost structure optimization problem is studied within the range of acceptable risk. The results show that the cost structure of the transportation service chain of dangerous chemicals in Chongqing river is basically reasonable. Should focus on the control of fuel cost and labor costs, increase risk control costs. (4) A company is taken as an example to analyze the rationality of the cost structure of company A by using the model constructed in this paper. The results show that the overall cost structure of the transportation service chain of dangerous chemicals in company A is more reasonable, in order to ensure the lower transportation risk. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening the cost control of fuel run and increasing the cost input of risk control at the same time. The paper introduces the operation process of inland dangerous chemicals transportation service chain, and analyzes the cost structure of Chongqing dangerous chemical transportation service chain. Considering the optimization of transportation cost structure of hazardous chemicals within acceptable risk range, the results show that it is basically consistent with the actual situation. Therefore, the method in this paper can be used as a reference for the cost control of hazardous chemical transportation enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.72;F552.6;F550.66

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