关于降低、转移建设项目交易费用的探讨

发布时间：2018-05-13 18:04

本文选题：建设项目 + 交易费用　；参考：《山东建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：建设项目领域的交易费用,主要是指在工程建设过程中,对于施工单位、材料设备供应单位、咨询服务单位等供应商进行确认发生的各项费用之和,一般包括搜寻成本、谈判成本、决策成本、实施成本、控制成本和矫正成本。作为微观层面的交易费用,招标投标工作影响着众多建设单位和投标单位的根本利益,特别是重大的政府工程、公共工程等民生工程。研究交易费用构成的合理性,可以界定相关各单位的职责,减少工作界面间的摩擦,以此来提高相关各方的工作效率,提高工程建设的保障性,提升政府部门的公信力,提速相关制度改革的进度；降低、转移交易费用,有利于政府及市场参与者制定合适的法规、规范交易行为、选择更佳交易方式、加强相互沟通。众多单位参与各种建设工程、材料、咨询服务的招标、投标工作,导致了高额度交易费用的产生。一个大型项目招标阶段的交易费用可以从几十万元到上千万元不等。从全国范围分析,招标阶段交易费用的市场份额大约为500亿元～1000亿元。本文基于一个大型公建项目,针对现代建设项目中的交易费用进行了相对全面的分析,确定了常规项目交易费用所占工程建安费用的比率：不包括搜寻费用,该比率约为1.27%,与David、Joseph和Charles得出的“从1963年到1990年,大证券交易所的平均交易费用所占其市值的比率为1.2%”非常接近：包括搜寻费用,该比率将大幅度增加,有可能是上述比率的数倍之多。除了搜寻费用,在建设单位交易费用中，，费用比例前名的分别为招标代理服务费、项目管理费、建设单位管理费；在投标单位交易费用中费用比例前三名的分别为投标文件编制费、开标费、投标保证金占用费。基于上述结论,在尊重政府法律法规和相关建设行政管理制度的基础上,本文探讨了影响建设项目交易费用的几个重要因素。降低交易费用主要考虑以下几个因素：招标项目打包方案,招标代理费用计取的细节,项目管理与建设单位管理岗位的设置,项目管理与监理单位管理岗位的设置,项目管理与监理一体化的实施,建设单位的管理模式改革,招标交易费,搜寻费用(包括建设单位、监管单位、投标单位三个方面)。转移交易费用主要存在以下几个因素：招标代理的服务内容,招标代理单位的成本与责任,建设单位的管理模式改革。提高交易费用的因素：律师费用。本文探讨了几种建设单位确定供应商的模式,包括同路人制度等,并分析了该制度与“企业的本质”之间的关系。以上研究为降低、转移相应的交易费用提供了一些方向和方法。
[Abstract]:The transaction costs in the field of construction projects mainly refer to the sum of the various expenses incurred by suppliers such as construction units, material and equipment suppliers, consulting service units, etc. in the course of construction, generally including the search cost, Negotiation cost, decision cost, implementation cost, control cost and correction cost. As the transaction cost at the micro level, the bidding work affects the fundamental interests of many construction units and bidding units, especially the major government projects, public works and other livelihood projects. To study the rationality of transaction cost structure, we can define the responsibilities of relevant units and reduce the friction between working interfaces, so as to improve the working efficiency of all parties concerned, enhance the guarantee of engineering construction, and enhance the credibility of government departments. Speeding up the progress of relevant institutional reform, reducing and transferring transaction costs will help the government and market participants to formulate appropriate laws and regulations, standardize trading behavior, choose better trading methods, and strengthen mutual communication. A large number of units participate in various construction projects, materials, consulting services bidding, resulting in high transaction costs. The transaction costs of a large-scale project can range from hundreds of thousands of yuan to tens of millions of yuan. From the nationwide analysis, the market share of the transaction costs in the bidding stage is about 50 billion yuan to 100 billion yuan. Based on a large public construction project, this paper makes a relatively comprehensive analysis of the transaction costs in modern construction projects, and determines the ratio of the transaction costs of conventional projects to the construction and safety costs of the projects: excluding the search costs. The ratio is about 1.27, which is very close to the "average transaction cost of the big stock exchange is 1.2 percent of its market value from 1963 to 1990," which is very close to what David Joseph and Charles have concluded: including search fees, the ratio is going to increase substantially. It is likely to be several times more than that. In addition to the search cost, in the transaction costs of the construction unit, the first name of the cost ratio is the bidding agent service charge, the project management fee, the construction unit management fee; The top three in the transaction cost of the bidding unit are the bidding document preparation fee, the bid opening fee and the bid margin occupation fee respectively. Based on the above conclusions and on the basis of respecting government laws and regulations and related construction administration system, this paper discusses several important factors that affect the transaction cost of construction project. The following factors are taken into account in reducing transaction costs: package scheme of bidding project, details of bidding agency fee calculation, establishment of management post of project management and construction unit, establishment of management post of project management and supervision unit, The implementation of the integration of project management and supervision, the reform of the management mode of the construction unit, the bidding transaction fee, the search cost (including the construction unit, the supervision unit and the bidding unit). There are several factors in the transfer transaction cost: the service content of the bidding agent, the cost and responsibility of the bidding agent, and the reform of the management mode of the construction unit. Factors that increase transaction costs: lawyers' fees. This paper discusses several models of supplier determination in construction units, including the passer-by system, and analyzes the relationship between the system and the "essence of the enterprise". The above research provides some directions and methods for reducing and transferring the corresponding transaction costs.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F285

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