C船公司中欧航线成本改善研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 00:29

本文选题：船公司 + 航线成本　；参考：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际集装箱航运业务近几年虽然业务量有所恢复,但整体集装箱市场运力仍处于过剩状态。运力过剩导致了行业内激烈竞争,据悉,2013年90%的全球班轮企业出现了不同程度的亏损。而在班轮业整体乏力的情况下,马士基却交出了盈利15亿美元的逆势业绩。考察行业内主要班轮公司的经营状况发现,盈利的公司均在市场上建立了显著的航线成本优势,要改善班轮公司的效益,就要设法降低航线成本。作为全球领先的航运服务提供商,C公司在船舶配置、市场份额等方面有较大的优势,但随着行业竞争的加剧,这些优势正在日益减弱,相比较行业巨头马士基,运营成本方面还是偏高。本文通过对C公司中欧航线最主要船队FAL1的运力、货量的综合分析,总结了目前FAL1运营成本方面存在的四个问题:运力富余、部分港口为无效港口、成本管控力度不够、船速高于理想航速。结合航线成本的理论研究及FAL1成本方面面临的问题,文章针对性提出C公司降低航线成本主要从四方面分析降成本措施:1)合理提升船型,提高船舶规模效应;2)通过互换和联营,提升船舶装载率以降低船型升级增加的亏舱;3)通过航线干支线优化组合,提升港口费用效率,4)通过适当减速以降低燃油成本。最后通过C公司成本改善措施的效果验证成本改善方法本身的实用性和有效性:首先,C公司通过将3艘18000TEU船舶投入FAL1航线使用,航线船型得以升级,带来航线单箱成本的节约;其次,通过联盟之间的合作,用FAL1厦门舱位与S公司新加坡舱位互换,不增加停靠港但提升满载率,可以解决船型升级后带来的装载率下降影响;第三,C公司在中欧航线上所经过德国不莱梅,中国赤湾为相对无效的港口,取消这两个港口停靠,货物通过中转港转运;第四,港口优化后在不影响船期情况下可以实现减速3%,油耗和碳排放量得以降低。在市场不可控、行业竞争愈加白热化等现状下,各大班轮公司都将目标转向成本控制,必须寻求合适成本控制途径和方法,以谋求整体效益的最大化。因此本文对于全球班轮企业C公司的成本优化的研究,中欧航线成本每年约节省近1亿美元,单箱成本降低17%,降成本效果较明显,对其他全球班轮公司的成本优化具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Although the international container shipping business has recovered in recent years, the overall container market capacity is still in a surplus state. Excess capacity has led to fierce competition in the industry, with 90 per cent of global liner companies reported losses of varying degrees in 2013. While the liner industry as a whole is weak, Maersk has turned a profit of $1.5 billion against the trend. After examining the operating conditions of the main liner companies in the industry, it is found that the profitable companies have established a remarkable superiority of airline cost in the market. To improve the efficiency of the liner companies, we must try to reduce the cost of the routes. As a leading shipping service provider in the world, company C has great advantages in ship configuration, market share, etc. But with the intensification of competition in the industry, these advantages are weakening day by day, compared with Maersk, the industry giant. Operating costs are still on the high side. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the capacity and volume of FAL1, the paper summarizes the four problems existing in the operation cost of FAL1: surplus capacity, invalid port and insufficient cost control. The ship's speed is higher than its ideal speed. Combined with the theoretical research of route cost and the problems faced by FAL1 cost, this paper puts forward that C Company mainly analyzes the measures of reducing route cost from four aspects: 1) to improve the ship form reasonably, and to increase the effect of ship size. Increase ship loading rate to reduce the increase of ship type upgrading lost cabin 3) by route trunk branch optimization combination, improve port cost efficiency 4) through appropriate deceleration to reduce fuel costs. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the cost improvement method are verified by the effect of cost improvement measures in C company. Firstly, by putting three 18000TEU ships into use on the FAL1 route, the shipping line type can be upgraded, and the cost savings of the single case of the route will be brought about. Secondly, through the cooperation between the alliance, using FAL1 Xiamen space and S company Singapore space exchange, do not increase the port of call but increase the full load rate, can solve the ship type upgrade after the load rate decline; The third company, China's Chiwan, is a relatively ineffective port through Bremen, Germany, on the China-EU route. The two ports are cancelled and the cargo is transshipped through the transit port. Fourth, The optimized port can reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions without affecting the shipping schedule. Under the situation that the market is out of control and the competition in the industry is becoming more and more intense, all the major liner companies turn to cost control, so we must seek suitable ways and methods of cost control in order to maximize the overall benefit. Therefore, the cost optimization of C Company, a global liner company, is studied in this paper. The cost of CEIBS airline is about 100 million US dollars per year, and the cost of single container is reduced by 17%, and the effect of cost reduction is obvious. Other global liner companies to optimize the cost of reference.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F552.6;F550.66

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