生物质发电环境成本核算及效益评估

发布时间：2018-05-29 19:35

本文选题：生物质发电 + 生命周期　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国经济在政策、资金、技术及人才等资源支撑下,取得了跨越式的进步并呈现出较大的发展潜力。然而,在无限风光背后,日益显化和激化的环境问题成为了经济、社会发展进程的制约因素。电力行业在我国占据着举足轻重的地位,是保障其他行业顺利运营和发展的先行军。但由于我国传统能源消费结构的根深蒂固,电力行业已然成为污染排放大户。我国不断推进绿色发展进程,以电力行业作为环境治理突破口具有立竿见影的效果。在诸多绿色清洁电力中,生物质发电具有广阔发展前景和重要战略价值。然而,由于燃料供应充足性欠佳、建设运营成本高等瓶颈因素,我国生物质发电步履维艰,任重而道远。为了凸显生物质发电的优势空间并推动其崛起进程,本文基于环境视角,在概述环境成本和环境效益理论框架的基础上,采用生命周期分析法测算了生物质发电的环境成本和替代环境效益。测算结果表明,生物质发电具有较强的环境外部经济性。在现有估算数据和情景下,25MW秸秆直燃发电系统环境成本约为3180.1564万元／年。秸秆直燃发电替代火力发电的环境效益约为0.4743元/kWh。本文研究视角具有较强的前沿性和价值性。一方面,探究生物质发电环境成本为丰富环境会计理论注入了新鲜“血液”,彰显了其理论价值。另一方面,测算环境成本为进一步优化生物质发电提供了新思路和突破口。测算替代环境效益有利于扩大生物质发电优势空间,为国家制定合理化的生物质电价、财政补贴以及税收减免等政策提供数据支持,具有积极的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Supported by policies, funds, technologies and talents, China's economy has made leap-forward progress and presented great potential for development. However, behind the boundless scenery, the increasingly obvious and intensified environmental problems have become the constraints of the economic and social development process. Electric power industry plays an important role in our country and is the leading force to guarantee the smooth operation and development of other industries. However, because of the deep-rooted traditional energy consumption structure, the electric power industry has become a major polluter. Our country promotes the green development process unceasingly, takes the electric power industry as the environmental treatment breakthrough has the immediate effect. Biomass power generation has broad development prospects and important strategic value in many green clean power systems. However, because of the poor fuel supply and the bottleneck factors such as high construction cost, biomass power generation in China has a long way to go. In order to highlight the advantages of biomass power generation and promote its rising process, based on the environmental perspective, this paper summarizes the theoretical framework of environmental costs and environmental benefits. The environmental cost and substitute environmental benefit of biomass power generation were calculated by life cycle analysis method. The results show that biomass power generation has strong environmental external economy. The environmental cost of 25MW straw direct-fired power generation system is about 31.801564 million yuan per year under the existing estimation data and scenarios. The environmental benefit of replacing thermal power by direct burning of straw is about 0.4743 yuan / kWh. The perspective of this paper has strong vanguard and value. On the one hand, exploring the environmental cost of biomass power generation has injected fresh "blood" into the theory of rich environmental accounting, which demonstrates its theoretical value. On the other hand, the calculation of environmental cost provides a new idea and breakthrough for further optimization of biomass power generation. The calculation of alternative environmental benefits is beneficial to expand the advantage space of biomass power generation, and provide data support for the country to formulate reasonable biomass electricity price, financial subsidy, tax relief and other policies, which has positive practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F406.72

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